Large Igneous Provinces and supercontinents: Toward completing the plate tectonic revolution

Ernst, Richard E.; Bleeker, Wouter; Söderlund, Ulf; Kerr, Andrew C.

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.02.017

Cited by 224 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Giant radiating dyke swarms have been frequently related to mantle plume activities, typically linked with the breakup of the supercontinents (Ernst et al, 2013;Hou, 2012;Goldberg, 2010;Zhang et al, 2009;Ernst et al, 2008Ernst et al, , 1995Peng et al, 2007;Mayborn and Lesher, 2004;Ernst and Buchan, 2001a;Park et al, 1995). Smaller scale metamafic dyke swarms can be related to volcanic edifices in subduction settings, in back-arc environments or as one component of oceanic crustal complex (Peng et al, 2007;Ernst et al, 1995).…”

Section: Tectonic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Liao et al (2014) reported metamafic dyke swarms that intruded into the east Delingha region in the central east portion of the Quanji massif at ~1.85-1.83 Ma (Lu et al, 2008). Their study revealed that these dyke swarms have small-scale outcrops and limited distribution, and thus they cannot be regarded as giant mafic dike-swarms that are usually related to continental rifting or breakup of the supercontinents (Liao et al, 2014;Ernst et al, 2013Ernst et al, , 2008Ernst et al, , 1995Hou, 2012;Goldberg, 2010;Zhang et al, 2009;Peng et al, 2007;Mayborn and Lesher, 2004;Ernst and Buchan, 2001a). Combination of the affinity of backarc settings for their precursor magma at ~1.85-1.83 Ga and the medium-P/T type metamorphism of the dyke swarms at ~1.82 Ga (Chen et al, 2013a), Liao et al (2014) firstly proposed that an oceanic subduction process was going on before ~1.85 Ga. Our study reveals that the metamafic dykes within the paragneiss suite in the Delingha region carry even stronger signature of subduction-related volcanic arc setting, thus indicative of an oceanic lithosphere subduction process for generation of their precursor magma.…”

Section: Tectonic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The QM exposes a variety of Precambrian metamorphosed metamafic dykes, lithologically dominated by amphibolites with minor granulites. Metamafic dykes commonly occur in extensional tectonic environments (e.g., Ernst et al, 2013;Goldberg, 2010;Harlan et al, 2008;Buchan, 2001a, 1997;Allen, 2000), and have been widely employed to address the tectonic process of specific geological events (Hou, 2012;Piper et al, 2011;Peng et al, 2007;Sklyarov et al, 2003). Recently, Liao et al (2014) suggested that the ~1.85-1.83 Ga metamafic dykes within the Early Paleoproterozoic monzo-granitic gneiss among those occur in the QM, were generated in a back arc setting based on field occurrence and geochemical data, supporting a subduction process in the very Late Paleoproterozoic period.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry of metamafic dykes from the Quanji massif: Petrogenesis and further evidence for oceanic subduction, Late Paleoproterozoic, NW China

et al. 2016

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A suite of ~1.84-1.92 Ga metamafic dykes within the paragneiss suite (khondalite) of the Quanji massif in NW China, has been chosen in this study for further understanding the tectonic evolution and possible links to the global Columbia supercontinent. Occurrence and field relations suggest that they were formed coevally with a previous studied ~1.83-1.85 Ga metamafic dyke swarms. Whole-rock major and trace elemental geochemistry suggests precursor magma of the amphibolites being generated from a volcanic arc-related tectonic setting rather than a back-arc environment where the metamafic dyke swarms were emplaced. The metamafic dykes show enrichment of LREE and strongly negative anomalies for Ta-Nb, Zr-Hf and Ti, have high SiO 2 (49.3 wt.%-52.5 wt.%) but low MgO (6.40 wt.%-7.76 wt.%) contents and Mg # (Mg # =[100×(MgO/40.3)]/[MgO/40.3+FeO/71.8]) values (45.7-52.1), suggesting evolved precursor magma. The high values of La/Ta (22.2-42.8) and La/Nb (1.71-2.47), mildly negative ε Nd(t) values (-2.51-0.15), with depleted mantle model ages (T DM ) of 2.45-2.84 Ga, suggest that their precursor magmas were possibly derived from a subduction-related fluid metasomatized Archean sub-continental lithospheric mantle. This study provides further evidence for oceanic plate subduction prevailing before or around ~1.85 Ga, which confirms a prolonged subduction-accretion-collision history in the NW China which is possibly linked to the assembly of the Columbia supercontinent. KEY WORDS: metamafic dyke, geochemistry, petrogenesis, tectonic setting, Quanji massif, NW China. INTRODUCTIONRecent investigations on supercontinents suggest that the first coherent supercontinent on the Earth, termed Columbia was gradually assembled during 2.

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Section: Tectonic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tectonic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry of metamafic dykes from the Quanji massif: Petrogenesis and further evidence for oceanic subduction, Late Paleoproterozoic, NW China

et al. 2016

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“…Adicionalmente, a história magmática e temporal das Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) pode fornecer informações importantes para a reconstrução paleogeográfica dos supercontinentes pré-cambrianos (e.g., Ernst et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Suíte Intrusiva Rio Perdido: magmatismo intraplaca no sul do Cráton Amazônico – Bloco Rio Apa

Lima

Macambira

Sousa

et al. 2017

Geol. USP. Sér. Cient.

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Resumo O enxame de diques da Suíte Intrusiva Rio Perdido (SIRP) ocorre no sul do Cráton Amazônico, Bloco Rio Apa, e representa importante evento magmático de natureza fissural, pré-aglutinação do supercontinente Rodínia. Os diques são tabulares a lenticulares, com espessura variando entre 1 e 30 m, preferencialmente paralelos segundo as direções N70º-90ºE e N70º-90ºW, exibem contatos abruptos e discordantes à estruturação regional NS. Os diques são homogêneos, compostos por diabásios de granulação muito fina a fina e microgabros finos a médios, isotrópicos, sem quaisquer vestígios de deformação dúctil e metamorfismo. Ao microscópio, essas rochas apresentam-se holocristalinas, com textura ofítica a subofí-tica, intergranular, por vezes porfirítica, e localmente do tipo quenching, com morfologia do tipo "cauda de andorinha". Constituem-se essencialmente por plagioclásio, piroxênios e olivina. Apresenta trend toleítico, com enriquecimento em FeOt em relação ao MgO para valores de álcalis relativamente constantes. As rochas dos diques classificam-se, quase que exclusivamente, como basaltos e basaltos andesíticos, e quanto à ambiência tectônica os diagramas sugerem para essas rochas uma colocação semelhante à dos basaltos intraplaca fanerozoicos. O comportamento dos elementos terras raras (ETR) mostra forte fracionamento de ETR pesados em relação aos ETR leves, com razões La/Yb entre 2,8 e 6,2 e anomalia negativa pouco expressiva ou inexistente de Eu. Considerando a idade de cristalização em torno de 1100 Ma para as rochas das suítes Rio Perdido e Huanchaca e do Complexo Rincón del Tigre, sugere-se a existência de Large Igneous Province (LIP) esteniana, associada à tentativa de ruptura continental relacionada à evolução do Aulacógeno Aguapeí.Palavras-chave: Cráton Amazônico; Bloco Rio Apa; Diques máficos; Litoquímica. AbstractThe dyke swarms of the Rio Perdido Intrusive Suite are located on the southern Amazonian Craton, Rio Apa Block, and they stand for an important fissural magmatic event that took place before the agglutination of the Rodinia Supercontinent. The dykes are 1 to 30 m-thick, with tabular to lenticular shape, and follow two preferential trends: N70º-90ºE and N70º-90ºW. They occur parallel to each other showing abrupt and discordant contacts relative to the regional NS trend. These rocks are compositionally homogeneous being composed of very fine-to fine-grained diabases, as well as fine-to medium-grained microgabbros that show no evidence of ductile deformation or metamorphism. Under microscope, these rocks are holocrystalline, and display several types of textures such as ophitic to subophitic, intergranular, porphyritic in places, and locally, quench texture. The essential constituents are plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine. Harker-type diagrams show a tholeiitic trend. They mostly plot as basalts and andesitic basalts. Diagrams suggest geological settings similar to that of Phanerozoic intraplate settings for the emplacement of these rocks. The geochemical signature of rare earth elements shows str...

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“…Continental flood basalt provinces (CFBPs) are huge eruptive events which have occurred not only in the Phanerozoic, but throughout Earth's history (Ernst et al, 2008(Ernst et al, , 2013Bryan et al, 2010;Pirajno and Hoatson, 2012). The oldest Phanerozoic CFBP, Kalkarindji, covers a large tract of northern Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Giant Lavas of Kalkarindji: rubbly pāhoehoe lava in an ancient continental flood basalt province

Marshall

Widdowson

Murphy

2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The Kalkarindji continental flood basalt province of northern Australia erupted in the mid Cambrian . It now consists of scattered basaltic lava fields, the most extensive being the Antrim Plateau Volcanics (APV) -a semi-continuous outcrop (c. 50,000 km 2 ) reaching a maximum thickness of 1.1 km. Cropping out predominately in the SW of the APV, close to the top of the basalt succession, lies the Blackfella Rockhole Member (BRM). Originally described as 'basaltic agglomerate' the BRM has, in recent years, been assumed to be explosive tephra of phreatomagmatic origin, thus providing a potent vehicle for volatile release to the upper atmosphere. Our detailed field investigations reveal that this basaltic agglomerate is, in reality, giant rubble collections (15 -20 m thick) forming the upper crusts of rubbly pāhoehoe lava units 25 -40 m thick; covering 18,000 -72,000 km 2 and an estimated volume of 1,500 -19,200 km 3 . These flows, rheologically but not chemically, distinct from the majority of Kalkarindji lavas, indicate a fundamental change in eruption dynamics. A low volatile content, induced high amounts of pre-eruptive degassing causing super-cooling and an increase in crystal nucleation and viscosity. A more viscous lava and a consistently faster rate of effusion (analogous to that of Laki, Iceland) created the flow dynamics necessary to disturb the lava crust to the extent seen in the BRM. Volatile release is estimated at 1.65 × 10 4 -2.11 × 10 5 Tg total CO2 at a rate of 867 Tg a -1 and 9.07 × 10 3 -1.16 × 10 5 Tg SO2 at 476.50 Tg a -1 . These masses accounted for 0.5% of Cambrian atmospheric conditions whilst limiting factors reduced the effect of volatile delivery to the atmosphere, thus any potential global impact caused by these flows alone was minimal.

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Large Igneous Provinces and supercontinents: Toward completing the plate tectonic revolution

Cited by 224 publications

References 102 publications

Geochemistry of metamafic dykes from the Quanji massif: Petrogenesis and further evidence for oceanic subduction, Late Paleoproterozoic, NW China

Geochemistry of metamafic dykes from the Quanji massif: Petrogenesis and further evidence for oceanic subduction, Late Paleoproterozoic, NW China

Suíte Intrusiva Rio Perdido: magmatismo intraplaca no sul do Cráton Amazônico – Bloco Rio Apa

The Giant Lavas of Kalkarindji: rubbly pāhoehoe lava in an ancient continental flood basalt province

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