Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction

Farman, J. C.; Gardiner, B. G.; Shanklin, J. D.

doi:10.1038/315207a0

Cited by 3,162 publications

(1,567 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The discovery of the "ozone hole" over Antarctica [12] has stimulated much of the recent research on the biological effects of UV radiation in aquatic environments. Most of the current research focuses on bacteria [13], marine phytoplankton [14], zooplankton, and marine fishes [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: Evidence for a competent photorepair system

Dong

Svoboda

Tiersch

et al. 2007

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

110

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The consequences of UVB and UVA irradiation on hatch rate, mortality, and malformation were studied in embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish embryos has expanded from traditional developmental models to diverse studies, including many techniques utilizing light exposure. To characterize useful indicators of photodamage, the responses and threshold limits of UV radiation as a function of embryonic stage and fish source were evaluated. Significant differences in UVB susceptibility were observed in embryos at 3, 6-7, 12, and 24 h postfertilization (hpf), with the 1000-cell stage (3 hpf) having greatest tolerance to UVB. Embryos derived from zebrafish raised in outdoor ponds were more tolerant to UVB than were embryos from laboratory-raised fish. Combinations of UVB and UVA exposure were used to confirm the presence of a competent photorepair system in zebrafish that could return otherwise malformed embryos to a normal phenotype. Overall, embryonic zebrafish had large tolerances (LD 50 of 850 J/cm 2 ) to UVA, confirming their suitability for photoactivation and photorepair studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: Evidence for a competent photorepair system

Dong

Svoboda

Tiersch

et al. 2007

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

110

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“…The main products are predicted to be CF 3 OCFO, perfluoro methylformate, and CF 2 O, perfluoro formaldehyde. There is evidence of a significant yield, B40% at 1 atm, of a second carbonyl product, which is theoretically predicted to be fluorinated glycolaldehyde, CFOCF 2 OH, but which experimental data detects as perfluoro glyoxal, CFOCFO. The simplest way to bring both sets of data in agreement is when the infrared carbonyl stretch peak in both fluorinated glycolaldehyde and glyoxal would, serendipitously, have a highly similar position and shape such that they could not be distinguished in the IR spectra; no experimental reference spectrum of CFOCF 2 OH is available, to our knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[1][2][3] Fluorinated organic compounds are also extensively used in the production of plastics, elastomers and membranes, owing to their specific thermal and chemical properties. 4,5 Perfluoro methyl vinyl ether (PMVE), CF 3 OCFQ Q QCF 2 (classified as hydrofluoroether HFE-216), can be used in the production of perfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA), 4 as well as in plasma etching processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical study of the OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation mechanism of perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, CF₃OCFCF₂

Vereecken

Crowley

Amedro

2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Product formation in the reaction of perfluorinated methyl vinyl ether, CF 3 OCFQCF 2 , with OH radicals is studied theoretically using the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ and CCSD(T) levels of theory. The stable endproducts in an oxidative atmosphere are predicted to be perfluorinated methyl formate, CF 3 OCFO, and fluorinated glycolaldehyde, CFOCF 2 OH, both with CF 2 O as coproduct. The prediction of glycolaldehyde as a product contrasts with experimental data, which found perfluoro glyoxal, CFOCFO, instead. The most likely explanation for this apparent disagreement is conversion of CFOCF 2 OH to CFOCFO, e.g. by multiple catalytic agents present in the reaction mixture, wall reactions, and/or photolysis. The formation routes for the glyoxal product proposed in earlier work appear unlikely, and are not supported by theoretical or related experimental work.

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“…A large decrease in total ozone, now over 60% relative to pre-hole levels, has been observed in the springtime (September to November) over Antarctica. Farman et al (1985) ®rst documented this rapid springtime decrease in Antarctic ozone over their British Antarctic Survey (BAS) station at Halley Bay, Antarctica. This attracted the attention of the scienti®c community, who soon found that decreases in the total ozone column were greater than 50% compared with historical values observed by both ground-based and satellite techniques.…”

Section: Stratospheric Ozone Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global change: state of the science

Wuebbles

Jain

Edmonds

et al. 1999

Environmental Pollution

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Only recently, within a few decades, have we realized that humanity signi®cantly in¯uences the global environment. In the early 1980s, atmospheric measurements con®rmed basic concepts developed a decade earlier. These basic concepts showed that human activities were a ecting the ozone layer . Later measurements and theoretical analyses have clearly connected observed changes in ozone to human-related increases of chlorine and bromine in the stratosphere. As a result of prompt international policy agreements, the combined abundances of ozone-depleting compounds peaked in 1994 and ozone is already beginning a slow path to recovery. A much more di cult problem confronting humanity is the impact of increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases on global climate. The processes that connect greenhouse gas emissions to climate are very complex. This complexity has limited our ability to make a de®nitive projection of future climate change. Nevertheless, the range of projected climate change shows that global warming has the potential to severely impact human welfare and our planet as a whole. This paper evaluates the state of the scienti®c understanding of the global change issues, their potential impacts, and the relationships of scienti®c understanding to policy considerations. #

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Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction

Cited by 3,162 publications

References 7 publications

Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: Evidence for a competent photorepair system

Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: Evidence for a competent photorepair system

Theoretical study of the OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation mechanism of perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, CF₃OCFCF₂

Global change: state of the science

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Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction

Cited by 3,162 publications

References 7 publications

Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: Evidence for a competent photorepair system

Photobiological effects of UVA and UVB light in zebrafish embryos: Evidence for a competent photorepair system

Theoretical study of the OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation mechanism of perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, CF3OCFCF2

Global change: state of the science

Contact Info

Product

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Theoretical study of the OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation mechanism of perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, CF₃OCFCF₂