Large-scale commercial cultivation of morels: current state and perspectives

Xu, Yingyin; Tang, Jie; Wang, Yong; He, Xiaolan; Tan, Hao; Yu, Yang; Chen, Ying; Peng, Weihong

doi:10.1007/s00253-022-12012-y

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Since 2012, China has successfully implemented the technology of field soil culture for the commercial production of morels (12). Scale morel field farming started with 200 ha and swiftly increased to more than 2,600 ha in 2016, and the number reaches 10,000 in 2018 (13). The highest yield reported reached 15,000 kg/ha, though the yields of morels are usually unstable due to genetic instability and complex reproductive conditions (13).…”

Section: Life Cycle and Cultivation Of Morelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scale morel field farming started with 200 ha and swiftly increased to more than 2,600 ha in 2016, and the number reaches 10,000 in 2018 (13). The highest yield reported reached 15,000 kg/ha, though the yields of morels are usually unstable due to genetic instability and complex reproductive conditions (13). China has been considered as the diversity center of morels due to the genetic variations and floristic diversity (14,15).…”

Section: Life Cycle and Cultivation Of Morelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most morel species appear to exhibit continental endemism and provincialism, according to the results of the molecular phylogenetic research, which has made it much easier to reconstruct their historical biogeography (4,15). The largescale cultivation of morels has been a rapidly growing market due to their high commercial value and short life cycle (13). After the first successful indoor cultivation of M. rufobrunnea, evolving technologies such as exogenous nutrition bags have been developed to enhance the efficiency and diversity of cultivated morel species.…”

Section: Cultivated Morel Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultivation, nutritional value, bioactive compounds of morels, and their health benefits: A systematic review

Li¹,

Chen

Zhang³

2023

Front. Nutr.

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Morels are valuable mushrooms being used as foods and medical substances for a long history. The commonly cultivated morel species include M. eximia, M. importuna, and M. sextelata in China, M. conica and M. esculenta in the US. Morels' nutritional profile mainly consists of carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids, which are also responsible for its complex sensory attributes and health benefits. The bioactive compounds in morels including polysaccharides, phenolics, tocopherols, and ergosterols contribute to the anti-oxidative abilities, anti-inflammation, immunoprotection, gut health preservation, and anti-cancer abilities. This review depicted on the cultivation of morels, major bioactive compounds of different morel species both from fruit bodies and mycelia, and their health benefits to provide a comprehensive understanding of morels and support the future research and applications of morels as high-value functional food sources.

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Section: Life Cycle and Cultivation Of Morelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Life Cycle and Cultivation Of Morelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultivated Morel Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultivation, nutritional value, bioactive compounds of morels, and their health benefits: A systematic review

Li¹,

Chen

Zhang³

2023

Front. Nutr.

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“…However, morel cultivation in the field increases their susceptibility to diseases and pests, which is the most important cause of reduced yields and crop failure. More importantly, the climate in the primary morel-producing areas in China is warm and humid, which favors the spread of various insects and pests [ 60 ]. The occurrence and features of epidemics regarding Morchella cultivation have been previously studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles Provide Insights into the Red-Stipe Symptom of Morel Fruiting Bodies

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2023

JoF

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The cultivation of true morels (Morchella spp., Morchellaceae, Ascomycota) has rapidly expanded in recent years, especially in China. Red stipe is a symptom wherein the stipe of morel fruiting bodies becomes red–gray, resulting in the gradual death of the affected fruiting bodies. The impact of red-stipe symptom occurrence on the development and nutritional quality of morel fruiting bodies remains unclear. Herein, morel ascocarps with the red-stipe symptom (R) and normal (N), artificially cultivated in the Fujian Province of China, were selected for the transcriptome and metabolome analysis to study the physiological and biochemical responses of morel fruiting bodies to the red-stipe symptom. Transcriptome data revealed several differentially expressed genes between the R and N groups significantly enriched in the tyrosine, riboflavin, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. Similarly, the differentially accumulated metabolites were mainly assigned to metabolic pathways, including tyrosine, the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Moreover, the transcriptome and metabolome data combination revealed that tyrosine metabolism was the most enriched pathway, which was followed by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Overall, the integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data of M. sextelata affected by red-stipe symptoms identified several important genes, metabolites, and pathways. These findings further improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the red-stipe symptom development of M. sextelata and provide new insights into how to optimize its cultivation methods.

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“…Morchella importuna has been successfully cultivated outdoors, and the rapid development of its cultivation process brings huge economic profits along with enormous risks due to the limited knowledge of its cognition of physiology, biology and genetics. Recently, the research on morels has mainly focused on taxonomy ( Du et al, 2012 ; Baroni et al, 2018 ; Du et al, 2019 ; Machuca et al, 2021 ), cultivation technology ( Liu Q. et al, 2018 ; Oys et al, 2021 ; Xu et al, 2022 ), multi-omics analysis ( Liu W. et al, 2018 ; Murat et al, 2018 ; Han et al, 2019 ; Hao et al, 2019 ; Tan et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2020a , b ; Cai et al, 2021 ), and microbial metabolism ( Benucci et al, 2019 ; Longley et al, 2019 ; Tan et al, 2021a , b ). However, the life cycle, trophic mode and reproductive mechanism of morels remain largely unknown due to the complicated species characteristics and difficulty in accomplishing the whole life cycle under the laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of nucleus-directed fluorescent reporter systems and its application to verification of heterokaryon formation in Morchella importuna

et al. 2022

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IntroductionMorchella importuna (M. importuna) is a rare fungus with high nutrition value and distinct flavor. Despite the successful artificial cultivation, its genetic characteristics and biological processes such as life cycle, reproductive system, and trophic mode remain poorly understood.MethodsConsidering this, we constructed pEH2B and pMH2B vectors by fusing M. importuna endogenous histone protein H2B with fluorescent proteins eGFP or mCherry, respectively. Based on the constructed pEH2B and pMH2B vectors, nuclear fluorescence localization was performed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). These two vectors were both driven by two endogenous promoters glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and ubiquitin (UBI). The vector-based reporter systems were tested by the paired culture of two genetically modified strains pEH2B-labeled M04M24 (24e, MAT1-1-1) and pMH2B-abeled M04M26 (26m, MAT1-2-1).ResultsThe fluorescence observation and molecular identification results indicated the successful hyphal fusion and heterokaryon formation. We found that the expression of the reporter genes was stable, and it did not interfere with the growth of the fungus.DiscussionOur constructed nucleus-directed fluorescent systems in M. importuna can be used for monitoring the dynamic development and reproductive processes in living cells and also for monitoring the interaction between morels and plant roots. Therefore, morels exhibit the potential to be a candidate organism used for the research on basic biology and genetics of ascomycetes.

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Large-scale commercial cultivation of morels: current state and perspectives

Cited by 24 publications

References 96 publications

Cultivation, nutritional value, bioactive compounds of morels, and their health benefits: A systematic review

Cultivation, nutritional value, bioactive compounds of morels, and their health benefits: A systematic review

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles Provide Insights into the Red-Stipe Symptom of Morel Fruiting Bodies

Construction of nucleus-directed fluorescent reporter systems and its application to verification of heterokaryon formation in Morchella importuna

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