Large-scale compartment fires to develop a self-extinction design framework for mass timber—Part 1: Literature review and methodology

Xu, Hangyu; Pope, Ian; Gupta, Vinny; Cadena, Jaime; Carrascal, Jerónimo; Lange, David; McLaggan, Martyn S.; Alvarez, Julian Enrique Mendez; Osorio, Andrés F.; Solarte, Angela; Soriguer, Diana; Torero, José L.; Wiesner, Felix; Zaben, Abdulrahman; Hidalgo, Juan P.

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2022.103523

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, these are all compartment fire tests that are not always full scale. Fire testing on full‐scale mass timber buildings to explore fire spread within the building has been limited; however, several research groups are currently in the process of designing and building structures for such experiments 37,41,43 …”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 For example, Hopkin et al 42 conducted a series of large-scale compartment fire experiments using CLT with varying types of polyurethane adhesives. Moreover, Xu et al 43 performed a series of large-scale CLT compartment fire tests to investigate various factors including timescale conditions (encapsulation failure and char fall-off), fuel load (charring and noncharring), and thermal feedback condition (the ventilation profile and geometric characteristics of the compartment and the impact of exposed or protected CLT walls on the fire dynamics in the compartment). However, these are all compartment fire tests that are not always full scale.…”

Section: Experimental Fire Tests In Clt Compartmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A building information modeling‐fire dynamics simulation integrated framework for the simulation of passive fire protection in a mid‐scale cross‐laminated timber compartment: Numerical implementation and benchmarking

2022

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Construction fires are a big threat to worker safety and property safety. Mass timber buildings under construction are largely unprotected as they are not yet equipped with active fire protection systems. With the addition of Types IVA, B, and C, the 2021 International Building Code adopted stricter requirements for mass timber buildings that are under construction. Cross‐laminated timber (CLT) is used as the primary structural element for high‐rise mass timber buildings. However, to date, limited number of research studies investigated the impact of passive fire protection for CLT buildings that are under construction. To facilitate a better understanding of construction fires and their consequences, it is necessary to develop a numerical modeling solution for the early phases of a CLT construction project, which can be achieved by using building information models together with fire dynamics simulation (FDS). However, the numerical modeling technique must be benchmarked against experimental data first to then extrapolate the modeling technique to explore other parameters and conduct FDS analysis. Therefore, this paper develops and benchmarks a numerical modeling solution against a mid‐scale CLT compartment fire test by applying the FDS tool to simulate the fire behavior within the CLT compartment. The FDS analysis results are expected to validate the practicality of simulating the fire behavior in CLT structures using the numerical model proposed in this study. The overarching goal of this study is therefore to develop a comprehensive numerical modeling solution to simulate and assess passive fire protection sequencing in CLT buildings that are under construction.

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Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Fire Tests In Clt Compartmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A building information modeling‐fire dynamics simulation integrated framework for the simulation of passive fire protection in a mid‐scale cross‐laminated timber compartment: Numerical implementation and benchmarking

2022

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“…In this sense, the survey by Karjalainen et al [25] showed that participants generally assessed the construction of wooden additional floors positively and thought that it would contribute to the attractiveness of the residential area. The combustibility of timber may limit its use as a construction material in Finland, as in many countries, due to constraints on building regulations [61][62][63]. Various studies have been carried out recently on the fire behavior of wooden buildings around the world, aiming to provide fundamental data on the safe use of wood (e.g., [64]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combustibility of timber may limit its use as a construction material in Finland, as in many countries, due to constraints on building regulations [61][62][63]. Various studies have been carried out recently on the fire behavior of wooden buildings around the world, aiming to provide fundamental data on the safe use of wood (e.g., [64]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wooden Additional Floor in Finland

2022

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One of the most effective ways to cover real estate development and renovation processes by improving functionality and energy efficiency is wooden additional floor construction. This entry maps out, organizes, and collates scattered information on the current state of the art and the benefits of this practice including its different stages, focusing on the case of Finland. The entry presents this topic in an accessible and understandable discourse for non-technical readers. By highlighting the benefits and opportunities of this sustainable application, the entry will contribute to increasing the awareness of wooden additional floor construction, which has many advantages, and therefore to gain more widespread use in Finland and other countries.

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“…This growth has been enabled by the development of both engineered timber products and the structural engineering knowledge required to build taller timber buildings or new structural forms from timber. Nevertheless, engineered timber construction, in particular when there is a desire to express this architecturally, poses a significant challenge for the fire safety design of buildings [18], not least of which because it introduces combustible surfaces into compartments [19,20]. This architectural expression is possible in many jurisdictions through the use of engineering methods in performance based regulatory environments, and is likely to become more and more common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the fire dynamics in open-plan compartments with an exposed timber ceiling

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Fire Safety Journal

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Large-scale compartment fires to develop a self-extinction design framework for mass timber—Part 1: Literature review and methodology

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

A building information modeling‐fire dynamics simulation integrated framework for the simulation of passive fire protection in a mid‐scale cross‐laminated timber compartment: Numerical implementation and benchmarking

A building information modeling‐fire dynamics simulation integrated framework for the simulation of passive fire protection in a mid‐scale cross‐laminated timber compartment: Numerical implementation and benchmarking

Wooden Additional Floor in Finland

Factors influencing the fire dynamics in open-plan compartments with an exposed timber ceiling

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