Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of dense plasmas: The Cimarron Project

Graziani, Frank; Batista, Víctor S.; Benedict, Lorin X.; Castor, J.; Chen, Hui; Chen, S. N.; Fichtl, Chris; Glosli, James N.; Grabowski, Paul E.; Graf, Alexander; Hau‐Riege, Stefan P.; Hazi, Andrew U.; Khairallah, Saad A.; Krauss, Liam; Langdon, A. B.; London, Richard A.; Markmann, Andreas; Murillo, Michael S.; Richards, David F.; Scott, H. A.; Shepherd, R.; Stanton, Liam; Streitz, Frederick H.; Surh, Michael P.; Weisheit, Jon C.; Whitley, Heather D.

doi:10.1016/j.hedp.2011.06.010

Cited by 114 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…[32]) experiments are close to this work in parameter space, but the uncertainty in their stopping-power data is significantly larger, and they were unable to differentiate any stopping models. In Ref.…”

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confidence: 60%

“…The results are compared to theories in common use by simulation codes. For testing theory in this regime, these results are a significant improvement on previous experiments, which utilized simpler low-density non-degenerate plasmas [26][27][28][29][30][31] or had significantly less precision [32].…”

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confidence: 78%

“…In Ref. [32], the stopping-power uncertainty reported was ∼24%. In this work, the use of monoenergetic D 3 He protons, wedge range filter (WRF) proton spectrometers [43,44] with intrinsic energy uncertainty ∼40 keV [45], and a large subject plasma with ρL ∼ 100 mg=cm 2 enable stopping-power measurements with precision of ∼1.5%.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Charged-Particle Stopping in Warm Dense Plasma

et al. 2015

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We measured the stopping of energetic protons in an isochorically heated solid-density Be plasma with an electron temperature of ∼32 eV, corresponding to moderately coupled ½ðe 2 =aÞ=ðk B T e þ E F Þ ∼ 0.3 and moderately degenerate ½k B T e =E F ∼ 2 "warm-dense matter" (WDM) conditions. We present the first highaccuracy measurements of charged-particle energy loss through dense plasma, which shows an increased loss relative to cold matter, consistent with a reduced mean ionization potential. The data agree with stopping models based on an ad hoc treatment of free and bound electrons, as well as the average-atom local-density approximation; this work is the first test of these theories in WDM plasma.

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Measurement of Charged-Particle Stopping in Warm Dense Plasma

et al. 2015

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“…We employ the ddcMD code [32] with the PPPM method [33] for large-scale charged-particle simulations [34]. We mostly consider a subset of hydrogen cases studied by Vorberger and…”

Section: Molecular Dynamics Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics studies of electron-ion temperature equilibration in hydrogen plasmas within the coupled-mode regime

et al. 2017

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We use classical molecular dynamics (MD) to study electron-ion temperature equilibration in two-component plasmas in regimes for which the presence of coupled collective modes has been predicted to substantively reduce the equilibration rate. Guided by previous kinetic theory work, we examine hydrogen plasmas at a density of n = 10 26 cm −3 , T i = 10 5 K, and 10 7 K < T e < 10 9 K. The non-equilibrium classical MD simulations are performed with inter-particle interactions modeled by quantum statistical potentials (QSPs). Our MD results indicate: 1. a large effect from time-varying potential energy, which we quantify by appealing to an adiabatic 2-temperature equation of state, and 2. a notable deviation in the energy equilibration rate when compared to calculations from classical Lenard-Balescu theory including the QSPs. In particular, it is shown that the energy equilibration rates from MD are more similar to those of the theory when coupled modes are neglected. We suggest possible reasons for this surprising result, and propose directions of further research along these lines.

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“…Most previous experiments also used only one type of ion with relatively high initial energy, in plasmas with n e < 10 23 cm −3 and T e < 60 eV [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In addition, none of these experiments probed the detailed characteristics of the Bragg peak (or peak ion stopping), which occurs at an ion velocity comparable to the average thermal electron velocity.…”

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Measurements of Ion Stopping Around the Bragg Peak in High-Energy-Density Plasmas

Frenje

Grabowski

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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For the first time, quantitative measurements of ion stopping at energies around the Bragg peak (or peak ion stopping, which occurs at an ion velocity comparable to the average thermal electron velocity), and its dependence on electron temperature (T e ) and electron number density (n e ) in the range of 0.5-4.0 keV and 3 × 10 22 to 3 × 10 23 cm −3 have been conducted, respectively. It is experimentally demonstrated that the position and amplitude of the Bragg peak varies strongly with T e with n e . The importance of including quantum diffraction is also demonstrated in the stopping-power modeling of high-energy-density plasmas. A fundamental understanding of DT-alpha stopping in high-energy-density plasmas (HEDP) is essential to achieving hot-spot ignition at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [1]. This requires accurate knowledge about the evolution of plasma conditions and the DT-alpha transport and energy deposition in plasmas for a wide range of electron (T e ) and ion temperatures (T i ) spanning from tens of eV to tens of keV, and electron number densities (n e ) from ∼10 21 to ∼10 26 cm −3 .Over the last decades, ion stopping in weakly coupled to strongly coupled HEDP has been subject to extensive analytical and numerical studies [2-10], but only a limited set of experimental data exists to validate these theories. Most previous experiments also used only one type of ion with relatively high initial energy, in plasmas with n e < 10 23 cm −3 and T e < 60 eV [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In addition, none of these experiments probed the detailed characteristics of the Bragg peak (or peak ion stopping), which occurs at an ion velocity comparable to the average thermal electron velocity. To the best of our knowledge, only one experimental attempt to do this was made by Hicks et al. where the birth energies shown in the parentheses are for a "zero temperature" plasma [23]. From the observed energy losses of these ions, Hicks et al. were able to describe qualitatively the behavior of the ion stopping for one plasma condition. The work described here makes significant advances over previous experimental efforts, by quantitatively assessing the characteristics of the ion stopping around the Bragg peak for different HEDP conditions. This was done through accurate measurements of energy loss of the four ions, produced in reactions (1) and (2). The new experiment, carried out at the OMEGA laser [24], involved implosions of eighteen thin SiO 2 capsules filled with equimolar deuterium-3 He gas. The capsule shells were 850 to 950 μm in diameter, 2.1 to 2.8 μm thick, and had an initial gas-fill pressure ranging from 3 to 27 atm. These capsules were imploded with sixty laser beams that uniformly delivered up to 10.6 kJ to the capsule in a 0.6-ns or 1-ns square pulse, resulting in a laser intensity on capsule up to ∼4 × 10 14 W=cm 2 [25]. Table I lists the capsule and laser parameters, along with some measured and inferred implosion parameters for a subset of four implosions discussed in detail in this...

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Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of dense plasmas: The Cimarron Project

Cited by 114 publications

References 99 publications

Measurement of Charged-Particle Stopping in Warm Dense Plasma

Measurement of Charged-Particle Stopping in Warm Dense Plasma

Molecular dynamics studies of electron-ion temperature equilibration in hydrogen plasmas within the coupled-mode regime

Measurements of Ion Stopping Around the Bragg Peak in High-Energy-Density Plasmas

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