Large-Scale Monitoring of Host Cell Gene Expression during HIV-1 Infection Using cDNA Microarrays

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection alters the expression of host cell genes at both the mRNA and protein levels. To obtain a more comprehensive view of the global effects of HIV infection of CD4-positive T-cells at the mRNA level, we performed cDNA microarray analysis on approximately 1500 cellular cDNAs at 2 and 3 days postinfection (p.i.) with HIV-1. Host cell gene expression changed little at 2 days p.i., but at 3 days p.i. 20 cellular genes were identified as differentially expressed. Genes involved in T-cell signaling, subcellular trafficking, and transcriptional regulation, as well as several uncharacterized genes, were among those whose mRNAs were differentially regulated. These results support the hypothesis that HIV-1 infection alters expression of a broad array of cellular genes and provides a framework for future functional studies on the differentially expressed mRNA products.

The Plant Virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus Activates the Immune System of Its Main Insect Vector, Frankliniella occidentalis

“…Other studies, involving genomic-scale approaches to evaluate immune responses against viral infections, have used mostly cDNA microarrays (11,16,18,34,46,54). The method used here, which combined subtracted cDNA libraries and DNA macroarrays, is simple, practical, and less expensive than microarrays.…”

Gut mucosal T cell responses and gene expression correlate with protection against disease in long-term HIV-1-infected nonprogressors

“…However, the number of genes associated with both lymphocyte activation and inflammatory͞stress responses (e.g., RANTES, Toll-like receptor-1, MIP-4, CSF-1R, TNF receptor superfamily 11A, mcp-2, and prostaglandin E receptor-4) and their level of expression (data not shown) were substantially higher in HVL than in LTNP patients, suggesting that active viral replication in HVL patients resulted in chronic lymphocyte activation and inflammation in GALT. Inflammation-related gene expression has been reported in lymph nodes (18), peripheral blood (19) of chronically HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 ϩ T cell depletion, and in vitro HIV-I infection studies (20,21). In summary, cell activation and inflammation are dominant features of lymphoid tissue pathology in HIV-1 infection.…”

Common host genes are activated in mouse brain by Japanese encephalitis and rabies viruses

“…Such changes in host gene expression could be a cellular antivirus response, a virusinduced response that is beneficial or even essential for virus survival or a nonspecific response that neither promotes nor prevents virus infection. Global changes in gene expression of virus-infected cells in culture have been reported for several viruses such as human cytomegalovirus (Zhu et al, 1998), herpes simplex virus (Mossman et al, 2001), influenza virus (Geiss et al, 2001a), Kaposi's sarcomaassociated virus (Renne et al, 2001), human papillomavirus (Chang & Laimins, 2000) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (Geiss et al, 2001b) etc. However, in the case of neurotropic viruses, which infect the nonrenewable cell populations of the central nervous system (CNS), changes in mRNA expression patterns in normal and virus-infected cells need to be studied in the intact host rather than cells grown in culture.…”