“…For example, electrical stimulation administered during the acute phase of ischemic stroke using this system proved to reduce lesion volume. 12 Furthermore, the optical access provided through this interface enables optical stimulation (e.g., optogenetics) 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 in addition to electrical stimulation for more sophisticated manipulation of the network. Previous work, using both electrical 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 and optogenetic 17 stimulation, has demonstrated the feasibility of perturbing the neural network and establishing precise functional connectivity changes.…”