Large-scale provision of frequency control via V2G: The Bornholm power system case

Zecchino, Antonio; Prostejovsky, Alexander; Ziras, Charalampos; Marinelli, Mattia

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2018.12.027

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As a kind of mobile energy storage device, EV has the advantage of fast response [18]. EVs can participate in system FR through controlling charging and discharging power [19]. The EV aggregator (EVA) collects the declared information of EVs connected to the grid in real time, including the residence time i T in the grid, the state of charge (SOC), and the credibility i ρ .…”

Section: Grouping Strategy Of Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coordinated Secondary Frequency Regulation Strategy of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator and Electric Vehicle

Zhang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Wind turbines can participate in frequency regulation by controlling active power output, but the indeterminacy and volatility of wind power result in low reliability of frequency support. Therefore, as a kind of energy storage system, an electric vehicle is adopted to coordinate with wind turbines to regulate system frequency considering its large-scale development. First, based on the reasonable division of wind speed regions and operation point selection of pitch angle, the de-loading strategy of doubly-fed induction generator for reserve capacity under continuously varying wind speed is proposed. Then, through the combination of rotor speed and pitch angle control, frequency regulation model of a doubly-fed induction generator in whole wind speed range is established. Finally, taking into account the driving demand of electric vehicle owners, through the real-time allocation of system frequency regulation task based on frequency regulation capacity, the coordinated control strategy of doubly-fed induction generator and electric vehicle cluster for secondary frequency regulation is put forward. The simulation results show that the coordinated frequency regulation strategy based on real-time allocation can suppress frequency deviation effectively, and the regulation effect is better than the situations of wind turbine coordinating with the conventional unit or coordinating with electric vehicle cluster based on fixed allocation ratio. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 2815 2 of 24 down-regulation. Only DFIG in the de-loading state can participate in both system up-regulation and down-regulation.Constrained by operation limit of DFIG, the de-loading strategy for different wind speed (WS) region is different, and the combination of rotor speed and pitch angle control is commonly applied in the researches about DFIG de-loading. In the DFIG de-loading strategy of Ref.[5], the dividing of WS regions is proposed based on the operation characteristic of DFIG. However, the dividing method does not designate the starting point of low WS region; thus, the FR reserve capacity cannot reach the expected value due to the lower limit of rotor speed. In addition, the pitch angle control is only applied in high WS region, which will result in the lack of reserve capacity in median WS region due to the upper limit of rotor speed. In both reference.[6] and reference [7], the dividing of WS regions is used for appointing different de-loading mode or FR type to WTs under different WS in the wind power plant, which does not consider the smooth transition between control methods. In other words, most existing researches ignored the continuous change of rotor speed or pitch angle at the junctions of different WS regions and the probability of not reaching expected FR reserve capacity in each WS region. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a DFIG FR model, which is applicable under continuously varying WS in whole WS range.However, WTs underperform in providing FR service due to the volatility and indeterminacy of wind power. Therefore, it is dif...

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Section: Grouping Strategy Of Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If R ev down > P task , the EVA cannot accomplish the system FR task alone, so the shortage will be allocated to DFIG. Thus, the FR tasks of DFIG and EVA are shown in (19):…”

Section: Real-time Allocation Of System Fr Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Secondary Frequency Regulation Strategy of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator and Electric Vehicle

Zhang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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“…Wang et al [20] introduced a rewarding scheme based on blockchain, which could encourage the willingness for V2G adoption. Increased percentage penetrations of wind and solar will underpin a greater need for V2G to both optimise the integration of these resources and to balance frequency disturbances created from their variability in a generation [21][22][23]. According to Navigant Research, frequency regulation revenue will reach $190.7 million by 2022 [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud-Based Big Data Platform for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)

Grée¹,

Laznikova²,

Kim³

et al. 2020

WEVJ

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Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) have increasingly become prevalent over the past years. BEVs can be regarded as a grid load and as a way to support the grid (energy buffering), provided this extensive battery usage does not affect the BEV’s performance. Data from both the vehicle and the grid are required for effective Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) implementation. As such, a cloud-based big data platform is proposed in this paper to exploit these data. Additionally, this study aims to develop smart algorithms, which optimise different factors, including BEV cost of ownership and battery degradation. Dashboards are developed to provide key information to different V2G stakeholders.

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“…A number of research and demonstration projects of different scales focusing on the assessment of new technologies for providing flexibility and grid ancillary services have been carried out in EU. The effectiveness of EVs for providing grid balancing services was demonstrated in projects documented in [4], [5], and [6]. The Ecogrid and Ecogrid 2.0 projects have proved that grid balancing can be enhanced on the consumer side through flexible demand response, namely, reducible demand and excessive load [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstrations of DC Microgrid and Virtual Power Plant Technologies on the Danish Island of Bornholm

Gabderakhmanova

Engelhardt

Zepter

et al. 2020

2020 55th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)

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Large-scale provision of frequency control via V2G: The Bornholm power system case

Cited by 53 publications

References 27 publications

Coordinated Secondary Frequency Regulation Strategy of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator and Electric Vehicle

Coordinated Secondary Frequency Regulation Strategy of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator and Electric Vehicle

Cloud-Based Big Data Platform for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)

Demonstrations of DC Microgrid and Virtual Power Plant Technologies on the Danish Island of Bornholm

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