Large-scale synthesis of ultrafine Si nanoparticles by ball milling

Lam, C.C.; Zhang, Y.F; Tang, Yaqin; Lee, C.S; Bello, I.; Lee, S.T

doi:10.1016/s0022-0248(00)00882-4

Cited by 115 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The first approach is called the two-step method, in which case, nanostructure preparation is the first step to the development of nanofluids. Nanostructures of sizes ranging from 1nm-100 nm are desired for nanofluids [17,130] and a wide range of nanostructures exist today, ranging from nanowires, nanorods, nanofibres, nanocylinders, nanograins to nanoparticles [98, 131,132], which can either be developed from the smallest unit of matter (known as the bottom-up method) or fractured down from bigger lumps to nano-sized particles (known as the top-down method) [133][134][135]. The most common methods of nanostructures synthesis are broadly classified into physical and chemical methods.…”

Section: Methods Of Preparation Of Nanoparticles and Nanofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common methods of nanostructures synthesis are broadly classified into physical and chemical methods. Some of the physical methods are pulsed laser ablation [136][137][138], laser deposition and matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPPLE) [130,139], and ball milling [133][134][135], while the chemical methods are chemical precipitation [140][141][142], sonoelectrochemical synthesis [143][144][145][146][147][148], spray pyrolysis [149,150], chemical vapour deposition [151][152][153] and thermal decomposition [154]. Details on other methods under these categories can be found in the past 24 publications [38,155,156].…”

Section: Methods Of Preparation Of Nanoparticles and Nanofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Viscosity of Nanofluids: A Review of the Theoretical, Empirical, and Numerical Models

Meyer

Adio

Sharifpur

et al. 2015

Heat Transfer Engineering

206

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The enhanced thermal characteristics of nanofluids have made it one of the fastest-growing research areas in the last decade. Numerous researches have shown the merits of nanofluids in heat transfer equipment. However, one of the problems is the increase in viscosity due to the suspension of nanoparticles. This viscosity increase is not desirable in the industry, especially when it involves flow, such as in heat exchanger or micro-channel applications INTRODUCTIONColloidal suspension dates back to Maxwell's study in 1873 [1]. Though the idea behind his study was vivid, the imposed problems were too enormous for profitable engineering solutions [2]. In 1995, Choi [3] came up with a pioneering idea based on Maxwell's study and suspended ultrafine particles (nanoparticles) in conventional heat transfer fluids. His invention has opened up a myriad of opportunities in research and development. Nanofluids descriptively are colloidal suspensions containing metallic (Ag, Au, Al, Cu, Ni, etc.), non-metallic (single-and multi-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT and MWCNT), Si, Graphene, etc.), metallic oxide (Al2O3, CuO, NiO2,TiO2, etc.) and oxides of non-metals (SiO2, SiC, MgO, CaCO3, etc.) nanoparticles suspended in conventional heat transfer fluids such as water, engine oil, ethylene glycol, transformer oil, gear oil or mixture of two or more heat transfer fluids [2,3]. When compared with previous microparticle suspensions in conventional heat transfer fluids, it is a special type of fluid with numerous applications potentials because of its enhanced thermal conductivity, stability and homogeneity [3,4]. Microscale particles in suspensions lead to abrasion, clogging of flow paths, pressure drop and high pumping power requirements, therefore, its sustainability was impossible. Besides, nanofluids can reduce the pumping power in engineering equipment significantly and do not pose the problem of clogging and abrasion of equipment flow paths [5][6][7][8]. Therefore, the design and engineering of physical systems are now being tailored towards using nanofluid as working fluid.The impact of colloidal suspension cuts across the fields of science, biological science, medical, pharmaceutical and engineering. In the context of sustainable energy development and thermal management, nanofluids are becoming more and more significant as the need for efficient thermal management is of paramount importance. Moreover, the level of miniaturisation of devices today as technology advances is overwhelming. Devices such as microprocessors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), microchannels and lab-on-chips come with high-density heat flux that needs quick heat removal for 3 efficient performance, stability and durability, which, from all indications, could be provided by nanofluids for now [9][10][11][12]. The following are also emerging areas of applications of nanoparticles and nanofluids: (i) they could be useful in medicine in the targeted treatment of malignant cells without damaging healthy tis...

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Section: Methods Of Preparation Of Nanoparticles and Nanofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Preparation Of Nanoparticles and Nanofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Viscosity of Nanofluids: A Review of the Theoretical, Empirical, and Numerical Models

Meyer

Adio

Sharifpur

et al. 2015

Heat Transfer Engineering

206

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These methods are typically grouped into two main categories. The ''top-down'' approach involves the construction of nanoparticles from a much larger solid by milling (Lam et al, 2000), attrition, etc., while the ''bottom-up'' approach involves the condensation of atoms or molecular components in a gas or liquid phase. The latter approach is generally considered to be far more promising due to the higher level of control offered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle synthesis in microreactors

Zhao

Qiao

et al. 2011

Chemical Engineering Science

387

213

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“…Two types of strategies have been developed: physical and chemical routes. Access to Si-np by physical routes consists in ''topedown'' [2] or ''bottomeup'' [3] strategies. In most cases, a good control of composition and size of the particles was obtained, despite some oxidation of the surface [4e6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%