Large-scale volcanic cone collapse: The 1888 slope failure of Ritter volcano, and other examples from Papua New Guinea

Johnson, R. W.

doi:10.1007/bf01080358

Cited by 86 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Admittedly, direct geological evidence of tsunami in identifiable deposits (Moore and Moore, 1984) or coastal erosion features (Young and Bryant, 1992) are controversial. Still, history has documented large and damaging tsunami from far smaller lateral collapses of stratovolcanoes in island arc environments (Johnson, 1987;Satake and Kato, 2001). Prudence dictates that the lack of abundant wavecaused signatures associated with collapses of oceanic island volcanoes be viewed as more a function of scanty preservation than evidence that these events do not produce tsunami.…”

Section: Lateral Collapse Of Island Volcanoes--mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumbre Vieja Volcano—Potential collapse and tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands

Ward¹,

Day²

2001

Geophysical Research Letters

279

210

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Section: Lateral Collapse Of Island Volcanoes--mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumbre Vieja Volcano—Potential collapse and tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands

Ward¹,

Day²

2001

Geophysical Research Letters

279

210

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“…Landslides resulting from massive rock and volcano slope failure (rock or debris avalanches) are important sources of geological hazard in many regions of the world and have been responsible for some of the most destructive natural disasters (Schuster & Highland 2001). The most widely quoted examples occurring in historical times include the volcanic sector collapses of the northern flank of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 (Voight et al 1983;Glicken 1998), the Bandai and Unzen volcano slope failures in 1888 and 1792, respectively (Siebert et al 1987), the Bezymianny eruption in Kamchatka in 1956, and the catastrophic lateral failure at Ritter volcano (Papua New Guinea) on 13 March 1888 (Johnson 1987), as well as some rapid giant rock landslides occurring in Norway's fjords during the last 100 years (Hermanns et al 2006) and the well-known Mt. Toc catastrophic collapse into Italy's Vajont reservoir on 9 October 1963 (Müller 1964).…”

Section: Large Coastal Slope Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rocky coast: geological constraints for hazard assessment

Violante

2009

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Geological hazard along rocky coasts is basically associated with processes of rapid sediment transfers. Massive transport of rock, regolith, sedimentary cover and soil occur episodically, accounting for cliff recession, sudden increase in solid load in short coastal rivers, and flank collapse of volcanic structures and rocky slopes. In geohazard terms, rocky coasts operate as transfer zones that deliver sediment directly from slopes to the coast and open sea at intermittent time intervals. Erosion and transport of material causes major physical changes and exposes coastal communities and human activity to hazard with potential damage to property and infrastructure, and loss of life. This paper focuses on geological processes that regulate rapid sediment transfers in rocky coastal areas, with examples drawn mostly from the Italian coasts. It is stressed that proper comprehension of coastal mass wasting hazard has to include marine and historical investigations. As a main delivery area, the submerged part of rocky coasts preserves reliable sedimentary records of past geological events occurring on land, which are often only partly detectable along subaerial rocky slopes and commonly reported in historical sources.Natural hazard on the coast is largely affected by processes of rapid sediment transfers produced by meteorological, oceanographic and geological forces. Coastal failure, mass wasting and floods are some of the processes that operate naturally in this environment and significantly influence the human use of coastal resources. It is estimated that more than 37% of the world's population live within 100 km of the coastline and that 80% of the shores are rocky (Emery & Kuhn 1982); this includes beaches that are backed by bedrock cliffs or rocky uplands. The geological processes that regulate sediment transfer in these environments also cause major physical changes both onshore and at sea, and their understanding is essential for hazard assessment and the determination of the related geological risk.According to the coastal zone concept, the term 'rocky coast' is used here to denote a spatial zone between the landward limit of marine influence and seaward limit of terrestrial influence (Carter 1988) composed of a rocky substrate retaining at the coastline the form of a cliff with different profiles. This definition includes steep coastal watersheds, pocket beaches situated between bedrock headlands, fan-delta systems, and other non-rocky elements such as barrier spits downdrift of river mouths and estuaries. This term is also suitable for the study of physical changes and related hazard or risk as it includes coastal settlements and human activity. Rocky coasts occur in a variety of geological settings with a wide range of morphologies depending on rock type, tectonics and climate. Rocky coastal areas can be associated with mountainous regions with active or recent tectonics or volcanic activity, or develop as low-relief cliffs along non-active margins, which limit seaward flattened areas. Steep co...

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“…The tsunami resulted in the loss of over 10,000 lives (Miyachi 1992;Siebert et al 1987). In Papua New Guinea, the Ritter Island sector collapse of 1888 created a local tsunami of 12-15 m (Johnson 1987). Run ups several hundred kilometers away were up to 8 m (Cooke 1981 …”

Section: Convergent Margins -Volcanic Flank Collapsementioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Transport Events and Their Tsunami Hazard

Tappin

2010

Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences

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Mass transport events, such as those from submarine landslides, volcanic flank collapse at convergent margins and on oceanic islands, and subaerial failure are reviewed and found to be all potential tsunami sources. The intensity and frequency of the tsunamis resulting is dependent upon the source. Most historical records are of devastating tsunamis from volcanic collapse at convergent margins. Although the database is limited, tsunamis sourced from submarine landslides and from collapse on oceanic volcanoes have a climate influence and may not be as hazardous as their frequency suggests. Conversely, tsunamis sourced from submarine landslides at convergent margins may be more frequent historically than previously recognized and more hazardous.

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Large-scale volcanic cone collapse: The 1888 slope failure of Ritter volcano, and other examples from Papua New Guinea

Cited by 86 publications

References 15 publications

Cumbre Vieja Volcano—Potential collapse and tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands

Cumbre Vieja Volcano—Potential collapse and tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands

Rocky coast: geological constraints for hazard assessment

Mass Transport Events and Their Tsunami Hazard

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