Largest dengue outbreak (2022) in Nepal

Abstract

Dengue virus infection, transmitted by Aedes aegypti (also by Ae. albopictus) mosquito, is an increasing health problem. The number of dengue cases has increased over eight-fold over the last two decades, from 505,430 cases in 2000, to over 2.4 milli on in 2010, and 5.2 million in 2019 with deaths accounting in thousands. Currently, 3.9 billion people in 129 countries mainly in Asian countries are at the risk of dengue infection. Most of the new cases are reported from Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and others. First case of dengue was reported from Nepal in 2004 and in 2006 a small outbreak was reported with 32 cases throughout the country. In Nepal, dengue epidemic occurred in 2010, 2013, 2016, 2017, and 2019; of them 2019 epidemic was largest one with reported 17,992 cases. This year (2022) largest outbreak occurred with a total of 54,784 cases recorded from all 77 districts in 7 provinces. Of the 7 provinces Bagmati Province was hardest hit (77.4%) followed by Lumbini Province (9.2%), Province 1 (4.2%), Gandaki Province (3.6%), Sudur Pashchim Province (2.5%), Madhesh Province (1.8%) and Karnali Province (1.2%). Most of the patients were aged 15-59 years and slightly more than half were males. Of the four serotypes existed in Nepal, DENV-1 DENV-2 and DENV-3 were common this year’s outbreak (DENV-1 was predominant: 57.1%). This demands a precise mapping of dengue through integrated disease surveillance and evaluation of the dynamics of population-level immunity on evidence-based policy-making in days to come.

Vibrio cholerae O1 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from drinking water and wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…Similar to the findings of this study, Ferdous et al [7] detected V. cholerae in 10% of point-of-drinking water samples in a low-income urban community in Bangladesh. Similarly, the most frequently isolated V. cholerae O1 serotype from the sewage of Katmandu Valley, Nepal, was the Hikojima strain [12]. In a recent cholera outbreak in Addis Ababa, the responsible serotype belonged to the Ogawa type [18].…”

“…Isolation of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) from environmental samples such as drinking water or sewer systems were reported from Nepal [12], Bangladesh [13], Uganda [14,15] and Azerbaijan [16]. Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, manifested as life-threatening voluminous and watery diarrhea and vomiting.…”

Changes in the Liver Function and Hematological Parameters in Dengue Patients at a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

“…6,7 The 2022 Dengue outbreak in Nepal, was the largest recorded. 8,9 Dengue is now spreading to hilly regions of Nepal, with cases reported in all 77 districts. 10,11 This study aims to analyze LFT and hematological parameter changes in dengue infected patients in a tertiary care center in Kathmandu.…”

Hepatic Encephalopathy among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

“… 1 In Nepal, the first incidence of dengue virus (DENV) infection was reported in 2004, which was later followed by epidemics in 2006 (all four serotypes), 2010 (DEVN-1), 2013 (DEVN-2), and a yearly outbreak from 2014-2019. 2 …”