2012
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2456-z
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Larval life history and anti-predator strategies are affected by breeding phenology in an amphibian

Abstract: Seasonal time constraints can pose strong selection on life histories. Time-constrained animals should prioritise fast development over predation risk to avoid unfavourable growing conditions. However, changes in phenology could alter the balance between anti-predator and developmental needs. We studied variation of anti-predator strategies in common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles in four populations from the two extremes of a latitudinal gradient across Sweden. We examined, under common conditions in the lab… Show more

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Cited by 46 publications
(57 citation statements)
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“…To minimize the effect of nonparallel tail positions, all the images were straightened with the straighten plugin in ImageJ (see Johansson et al 2010 for details) 4 and then loaded into MakeFan7 (Sheets 2009) to create a standardized template for digitizing the landmarks. A1; see, e.g., Orizaola et al 2012Orizaola et al , 2013, for a similar approach). A1; see, e.g., Orizaola et al 2012Orizaola et al , 2013, for a similar approach).…”
Section: Response Variablesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To minimize the effect of nonparallel tail positions, all the images were straightened with the straighten plugin in ImageJ (see Johansson et al 2010 for details) 4 and then loaded into MakeFan7 (Sheets 2009) to create a standardized template for digitizing the landmarks. A1; see, e.g., Orizaola et al 2012Orizaola et al , 2013, for a similar approach). A1; see, e.g., Orizaola et al 2012Orizaola et al , 2013, for a similar approach).…”
Section: Response Variablesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In general, higher developmental and growth rates are expected when individuals face more stringent time constraints, such as in temporal ponds or at high altitude/latitude. However, while plastic responses of amphibian larvae to varying ecological conditions have been extensively studied, the link between breeding phenology and offspring lifehistory remains unexplored (but see Orizaola et al 2013). Accurate seasonal adjustment of parental and larval lifehistory decisions is likely to have high fitness value.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Instead, as one of the few studies explicitly recording the activity frequency for different behavior types (Orizaola et al 2013), our observations and analyses could provide a compelling mechanistic explanation for the increased growth under increased predation risks. As noted above, warming did not reduce, but increased the feeding frequency and resting frequency, presumably as a result of tadpoles reducing the frequency of swimming as a behavioral avoidance strategy under increased predation risks.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%