Larvicidal and ovicidal activities, characterization and stability of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) shell wastes

Abstract

Dengue and zika continue to be the most rapidly emerging febrile diseases and pose a negative impact on social and economic activity of the country. Despite of recent innovation in dengue vaccine, eradication of the vector, Aedes aegypti, is still the best way to inhibit dengue and zika outbreaks. In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal and ovicidal activities and characterized the shell wastes of Anacardium occidentale including its stability for a period of two (2) years. The shell wastes were extracted using 95% EtOH and n-hexane and were bio-assayed for larvicidal and ovicidal activities against A. aegypti following the WHO standard bioassay method. The mortality was observed 24 and 48 hours after treatment and data were subjected to probit analysis to determine lethal concentrations (LC 50 and LC 90 ). The ethanol extract was characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and phytochemical analysis.

Control effectiveness of APL formulation against dengue- and Zika-transmittingAedesmosquitoes in Gia Lai province, Vietnam

“…showed the highest larvicidal activities with LC 50 of 4.01 mg/L and LC 90 of 11.29 mg/L compared to the commercial larvicide [28]. Anacardic acid in cashew methanol extract was larvicidal in both Ae.…”

“…Egg hatching inhibitory activities of the cashew nut shell liquid extract against Ae. aegypti, which contains anacardic acid, showed LC 50 of 8.06 mg/L and LC 90 of 15.53 mg/L [28]. Nevertheless, Hebeish suggested that the mosquito repellent effect improved as concentration and duration of exposure to limonene increased [43].…”

“…Meanwhile, the positive control, temephos at the same concentrations, has demonstrated a lower reduction rate in larval density (86.8%) in relation to the APL formulation. [28]. The cashew nut shell contains 90% anacardic acid [29],…”