Larvicidal Effect of Kenikir Leaves Extract (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) Against Aedes aegypti L. Larvae Vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Abstract

Background : Mosquito population is a well-known vector in transmitting many types of diseases causing serious public health problems (Gubler 1995; Lam, 1993; Nazri et al. 2013). Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by Dengue Virus that transmitted y mosquito bites of Aedes aegypti. Prevention of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever can be done by controlling biological and chemical the vector of larvae stage. The vector has been resistance of chemical insecticides. The most accurate way to control propagation is by using the natural substance, for instance is the Kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.). The Extract of Kenikir leaves contains of active substance Alkaloid, Saponin, Flavonoid and Tannin which are poisoning to Aedes aegypti L. larvae Objective : The purpose this research to determine the larvacide effect of the Extract Kenikir's leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) against the Aedes aegypti L. as a Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever's vector. Methods : This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) design using 900 larvaes of Aedes aegypti L. instar III and divided into 6 treatments extract group (negative control ; 0,05%, 0,10% ; 0,15% ; 0,20%, positive control) which is in each treatment extracted with 4 replications. Results : The Result of larvicide effect was analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Probit Analysis. Result the research showed that Cosmos caudatus Kunth's leaves extract affected the death of the third instar Aedes aegypti larvae with significant value (P <0,05). The Result of probit analysis showed that LC50 value of Cosmos caudatus Kunth's leaves extract was 0,19 %. Conclusion : Larvicide effect of Cosmos caudatus Kunth's leaves extract cause from secondary metabolits such as alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tannin. The conclusion of this research is Cosmos caudatus Kunth's leaves extract have effectiveness as a larvicide the third instar of Aedes aegypti.

Potensi Kenikir (Cosmos Caudatus) Sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Instar Iv

“…Alkaloid berperan sebagai racun yang dapat menurunkan nafsu makan larva (stop feeding action) yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan kematian (Soparat, 2010). Terpenoid dan flavonoid bekerja sebagai racun yang menyebabkan rusaknya sistem pernafasan pada larva (Nursal, 2005;Wasilah, 2019). Selain itu flavonoid juga bekerja sebagai penghambat kerja enzim endokrin dan enzim pencernaan sehingga laju pertumbuhan berkurang (Innocent, Joseph, Gikonyo, Nkunya, & Hassanali, 2009).…”