Larvicidal Effects of Nanoliposomes Containing Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils, Eugenol, and Cinnamaldehyde against the Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston

Abstract

e use of larvicides, especially in endemic regions, is recommended for malaria control. However, due to the excessive use of synthetic larvicides, resistance in mosquitoes and environmental pollution have been challenges. In the current study, nanoliposome containing clove and cinnamon essential oils and their major ingredients, i.e., eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, were rst prepared; particle size and successful loading were investigated using DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and ATR-FTIR (Attenuated Total Re ection-Fourier Transform InfraRed) analysis. Larvicidal e ects of the nanoliposomes and nonformulated samples were then investigated against Anopheles stephensi. e best-observed e cacy (LC 50 5.4 μg/mL) was related to nanoliposomes containing eugenol with a particle size of 109 ± 4 nm. However, LC 50 values of the other three nanoformulations were also around 10 μg/mL; all four prepared nanoformulations were thus introduced as natural larvicides for further investigations in the eld conditions.

Comparative Effects of Elettaria cardamomum Essential Oil and Its Nanoliposomal State on Mortality of Anopheles stephensi Larvae

“…Meanwhile, EO and nanoliposomes containing Citrus limon EO exhibited LC 50 values of 13.87 and 6.8 μg/mL ( 19 ). In addition, EO and nanoliposomes containing Cinnamomum zeylanicum EO outlined LC 50 values of 62.2 and 13.7 μg/mL ( 39 ). Another study investigated the larvicidal efficacy of EO and solid lipid nanoparticles containing Z. multiflora EO with LC 50 values of 33.33 and 9.19 ( 40 ).…”

Nanoliposomes containing three essential oils from the Artemisia genus as effective larvicides against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi

“…The loading of EOs was confirmed by ATR-FTIR qualitative method. For this purpose, each EO, free liposome, and nanoliposome containing each EO was subjected to the FTIR machine, and spectra in the 400 to 4000 wavenumber cm −1 were recorded 34 .…”

Nanostructured carrier systems facilitating enhanced delivery of 8-(4-Amino-1 methylbutylamino)-6 methoxyquinoline: a narrative review

“…This sustained-release capability not only ensures a consistent drug concentration within the therapeutic window but also enhances patient compliance and convenience, ultimately improving treatment outcomes and quality of life [25][26][27][28][29] . Moreover, interdisciplinary collaborations between researchers, clinicians, and industry stakeholders will be pivotal in translating these technological advancements into clinically viable solutions that address unmet medical needs [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] .…”