“…They are generally incompatible with analysis by APT because the NPs are either too small to be individually transplanted and sharpened into an APT specimen, or because empty, voided regions contained within groups of NPs, or other open-space structures, are distributed in such a way that an APT tip cannot be made without being compromised by these structural defects (Larson et al, 2015). A few specimen preparation strategies have been reported in the literature (Folcke et al, 2012; Greene et al, 2012; Gordon et al, 2013; Felfer et al, 2014, 2015; Heck et al, 2014; Larson et al, 2015; Perea et al, 2016), but we will focus on two general strategies in this review.…”