Laser-based powder bed fusion of pre-alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened steel containing yttrium

Wang, Yanan; Wang, Binbin; Luo, Laihui; Li, Binqiang; Liu, Tong; Zhao, Junhao; Xu, Bei; Wang, Liang; Su, Yanqing; Guo, Jingjie; Fu, Hengzhi

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.103018

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…All these processes occur in the solid state, which has rather limited atomic mobility (diffusivity). More recently, laser-melting-based additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and laser direct energy deposition (LDED), have been demonstrated to be able to directly print ODS alloys with lightly mixed matrix powder (or wire) and oxide particles [14][15][16][17]. The oxide dispersion elements from the feedstock are dissolved in the melt pool and then precipitate out as oxide nano particles during rapid solidification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical properties of ODS alloys are primarily controlled by the number density, composition and size of the oxide precipitates, which, in AM, vary with the process parameters, such as laser power and scanning speed [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Hence, it is important to establish a clear correlation between the oxide characteristics and the AM process parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomic Diffusivities of Yttrium, Titanium and Oxygen Calculated by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics in Molten 316L Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Steel Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing

Wang,

Yang,

Lawson

et al. 2024

Materials

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Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels have long been viewed as a prime solution for harsh environments. However, conventional manufacturing of ODS steels limits the final product geometry, is difficult to scale up to large components, and is expensive due to multiple highly involved, solid-state processing steps required. Additive manufacturing (AM) can directly incorporate dispersion elements (e.g., Y, Ti and O) during component fabrication, thus bypassing the need for an ODS steel supply chain, the scale-up challenges of powder processing routes, the buoyancy challenges associated with casting ODS steels, and the joining issues for net-shape component fabrication. In the AM process, the diffusion of the dispersion elements in the molten steel plays a key role in the precipitation of the oxide particles, thereby influencing the microstructure, thermal stability and high-temperature mechanical properties of the resulting ODS steels. In this work, the atomic diffusivities of Y, Ti, and O in molten 316L stainless steel (SS) as functions of temperature are determined by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The latest Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) package that incorporates an on-the-fly machine learning force field for accelerated computation is used. At a constant temperature, the time-dependent coordinates of the target atoms in the molten 316L SS were analyzed in the form of mean square displacement in order to obtain diffusivity. The values of the diffusivity at multiple temperatures are then fitted to the Arrhenius form to determine the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor. Given the challenges in experimental measurement of atomic diffusivity at such high temperatures and correspondingly the lack of experimental data, this study provides important physical parameters for future modeling of the oxide precipitation kinetics during AM process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Diffusivities of Yttrium, Titanium and Oxygen Calculated by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics in Molten 316L Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Steel Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing

Wang,

Yang,

Lawson

et al. 2024

Materials

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Control of grain structure, phases, and defects in additive manufacturing of high-performance metallic components

Mukherjee

Elmer

Wei

et al. 2023

Progress in Materials Science

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Oxide distribution in PBF-LB/M-processed ODS steel: Effects of ball milling and dielectrophoretic deposition in powder production

Goßling,

Rittinghaus,

Radtke

et al. 2024

Powder Metallurgy

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This study provides key insights into the critical role of nanoparticle distribution in oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) powders for laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M). A comparative analysis of mechanical (ball milling, BM) and liquid-based (dielectrophoretic deposition, DD) additivation methods was conducted to produce ODS feedstocks by integrating 1 vol.-% yttria (Y2O3) nanoparticles into Fe20Cr metal powder. ODS materials enhance high-temperature strength and creep resistance by dispersing fine, stable oxide particles within a metal matrix. This makes the precise size and distribution of nanoparticles crucial in the final bulk material. Powder characterisation shows that while both methods produce powders suitable for high-density parts, the DD method achieves higher uniform nanoparticle distribution, with smaller average particle sizes (74 nm) and interparticle distances (826 nm). In contrast, longer milling durations resulted in slightly larger particle sizes (77 nm) and distances (790 nm), while shorter milling times produced even larger nanoparticles (108 nm) with greater interparticle distances (1114 nm). These results suggest that DD offers advantages in optimising the distribution of oxide nanoparticles to enhance the strengthening effects in high-temperature applications.

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Laser-based powder bed fusion of pre-alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened steel containing yttrium

Cited by 3 publications

References 62 publications

Atomic Diffusivities of Yttrium, Titanium and Oxygen Calculated by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics in Molten 316L Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Steel Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing

Atomic Diffusivities of Yttrium, Titanium and Oxygen Calculated by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics in Molten 316L Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Steel Fabricated via Additive Manufacturing

Control of grain structure, phases, and defects in additive manufacturing of high-performance metallic components

Oxide distribution in PBF-LB/M-processed ODS steel: Effects of ball milling and dielectrophoretic deposition in powder production

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