Laser Cladding of Stellite-6 on AISI 316 L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Empirical-Statistical Modeling and Parameter Optimization

Pacheco, Jeferson T.; Silva, Leandro João da; Barbetta, Luiz Delagnelo; Ferreira, Henrique Santos; Veiga, Marcelo T.; Chastinet, Victor Lira; Teixeira, Moisés Felipe

doi:10.1007/s40516-020-00132-0

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…6 and 7). Figure 5 shows images obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the microstructure of the coatings consisted of dendrites (matrix) in solid solution rich in Co and interdendritic regions with eutectic carbides mainly rich in Cr [20][21][22][23], as well as primary carbides WC due to the diffusion of C and W towards the Co matrix [17]. This microstructure is consistent with microstructures reported in the literature [20][21][22].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance at room and high temperature of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings deposited by laser cladding process

Félix-Martínez,

Salgado-López,

López-Martínez

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Research have focused on nding solutions to prolong the life of metal parts which suffer damage from wear. Hard facing is a suitable solution and Co-based alloys and ultimately metal matrix composites have been used due to their high wear resistance. In this work, the wear resistance at room temperature (RT) and at 600°C of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings obtained by laser cladding was evaluated, deposited using continuous (CW) and pulsed wave (PW), and varying the idle time. The coatings deposited with CW showed higher hardness in the matrix (785-843 HV); meanwhile, the PW showed values between 623-786 HV. The increase in hardness was attributed to the higher W and C diffusion towards the matrix. The use of PW reduced diffusion due to the higher cooling rates. Similarly, coatings deposited with CW obtained the best wear resistance both temperature conditions, with values between 11.81 x10 − 6 mm 3 /Nm and 39.39 x10 − 6 mm 3 /Nm, respectively. At RT, W and C diffusion promoted the formation of carbides that had a lubricating effect; however, at high temperature, tribo-oxidation occurred with the formation of protective layers of oxides. Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings showed good wear resistance, which makes them an alternative to improve the useful life of metallic components.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance at room and high temperature of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings deposited by laser cladding process

Félix-Martínez,

Salgado-López,

López-Martínez

et al. 2024

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…The Authors indicated that dilution and build rate do not directly depend on scanning speed. However, experimental evidence in other studies [22,24] demonstrates a direct correlation between these factors. The influence of process combination of P , v , s on the geometry and integrity of deposited single track (the presence of pores) for WC-12Co powder on AISI 321 stainless steel has been evaluated by Erfanmanesh et al [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Li et al [21] used the same approach to construct a processing map for laser deposition of 85 wt% Ti + 15 wt% TiBCN Powder on 7075 Aluminum Alloy Substrate. In another work, Pacheco et al [22] developed an empirical statistical model to determine the optimized parameters for depositing Stellite-6 powder on AISI 316 L austenitic stainless steel. In Bax et al [23], the relationship between process parameters of P , v , ṁ and output results of track geometry and built-up rate for Inconel 718 powder were analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters Development for Optimum Deposition Rate in Laser DMD of Stainless Steel EN X3CrNiMo13-4

Dalaee

Cerrutti

Dey

et al. 2021

Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process.

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Laser Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) has been developed as a manufacturing process to deposit coatings on existing materials and proves advantageous in Additive Manufacturing (AM) of complex and precise components. However, it is necessary to carefully determine the proper process parameter combinations to make this method economically viable for industries. The intent of this study is to address enhancement in productivity of laser DMD of stainless steel EN X3CrNiMo13-4. Accordingly, the effects of the main laser process parameters of laser power P, scan speed v, powder flow rate $$\dot{\mathrm{m}}$$ m ˙ , and spot diameter s on track geometries and build-up rate are discussed. The regression analysis is conducted to derive correlations between the combined set of main parameters and deposition rate. The results show a good linear regression correlation of R2 >0.9 for the geometrical characteristic of aspect ratio, dilution, and deposition rate. The constructed processing map, using linear regression equations, presents proper process parameters selection in connection with deposition rate, aspect ratio, and dilution rate.

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“…Coaxial powder feeding is adopted, and argon gas is used as the powder carrier gas and the protective gas during cladding, thereby preparing multiple single-layer cladding layers. The range of process parameters is P(1700-2300), Fv(40-60), and V (7)(8)(9). Other parameters include the defocus of 16 mm, lap rate α of 30%, and protective gas flow of 20 L/min.…”

Section: 1experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the laser cladding process is relatively complex, and there are many process parameters that affect carbon emission, dilution rate, and powder utilization, such as laser power, scanning speed, and powder feeding amount [8,9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-driven Decision-making Approach of Laser Cladding Parameters for Low Carbon

Zhang

Tang

Zhao

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The machining performance, such as carbon emission, dilution ratio rate, and powder utilization rate, can be improved by selecting appropriate process parameters in laser cladding. However, the importance evaluation of machining performance by users is often fuzzy. How to make a reasonable decision about laser cladding parameters under this condition? To resolve the problem, a multi-objective fuzzy decision-making approach of laser cladding parameters is proposed using support vector regression (SVR), multi-objective dragonfly algorithm (MODA), and fuzzy TOPSIS. Firstly, SVR is used to build the correlation model among laser cladding dilution rate, powder utilization rate, carbon emission, and process parameters. Secondly, MODA is applied to search non-dominated process parameters (non-dominated solution) based on the model. Finally, the non-dominated process parameters are sorted by fuzzy TOPSIS according to the user’s evaluation, the process parameter ranking first is the laser cladding process parameters that best meet the requirements of users, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach are verified via the experiments. The low-carbon decision-making problem of laser cladding parameters under the fuzzy evaluation can be well solved by the proposed approach.

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Laser Cladding of Stellite-6 on AISI 316 L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Empirical-Statistical Modeling and Parameter Optimization

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance at room and high temperature of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings deposited by laser cladding process

Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance at room and high temperature of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings deposited by laser cladding process

Parameters Development for Optimum Deposition Rate in Laser DMD of Stainless Steel EN X3CrNiMo13-4

Data-driven Decision-making Approach of Laser Cladding Parameters for Low Carbon

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