Parameters Development for Optimum Deposition Rate in Laser DMD of Stainless Steel EN X3CrNiMo13-4

Dalaee, Mohammad; Cerrutti, Eduardo; Dey, Indira; Leinenbach, Christian; Wegener, Konrad

doi:10.1007/s40516-021-00161-3

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This conclusion is supported by similar research [41], which found the dilution proportion c2 increases inversely when compared to the powder delivery per unit length. Additional research showed the possible instability due to excess power feed rate which leads to poor overlapping [42]; track 7 and 10 highlight this problem, as their wettability angles are both greater than 90 • .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automation of Property Acquisition of Single Track Depositions Manufactured through Direct Energy Deposition

et al. 2022

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Metallic additive manufacturing processes have been significantly developed since their inception with modern systems capable of manufacturing components for structural applications. However, successful processing through these methods requires extensive experimentation before optimised parameters can be found. In laser-based processes, such as direct energy deposition, it is common for single track beads to be deposited and subjected to analysis, yielding information on how the input parameters influence characteristics such as the output’s adhesion to the substrate. These characteristics are often determined using specialised software, from images obtained by cross-section cutting the line beads. The proposed approach was based on a Python algorithm, using the scikit-image library and optical microscopy imaging from produced 18Ni300 Maraging steel on H13 tool steel, and it computes the relevant properties of DED-produced line beads, such as the track height, width, penetration, wettability angles, cross-section areas above and below the substrate and dilution proportion. 18Ni300 Maraging steel depositions were optimised with a laser power of 1550 W, feeding rate of 12 gmin−1, scanning speed of 12 mm s−1, shielding gas flow rate of 25 Lmin−1 and carrier gas flow rate of 4 Lmin−1 for a laser spot diameter of 2.1mm. Out of the cross-sectioned beads, their respective height, width and penetration were calculated with 2.71%, 4.01% and 9.35% errors; the dilution proportion was computed with 14.15% error, the area above the substrate with 5.27% error and the area below the substrate with 17.93% error. The average computational time for the processing of one image was 12.7s. The developed approach was purely segmentational and could potentially benefit from machine-learning implementations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automation of Property Acquisition of Single Track Depositions Manufactured through Direct Energy Deposition

et al. 2022

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“…The workflow only shows a section of process steps. The 2D parameter study was provided by Dalaee et al [15], and the post processing, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties will be evaluated in further research.…”

Section: Proposed Workflow For Dmd and Laser Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process parameters of single tracks were determined by Dalaee et al [15]. The tool path is characterized by a closed tool path with the same start and ending point of the laser to lower the impact of the energy peaks by switching the laser on and off.…”

Section: Geometrical Parameter Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing a prototype with laser direct metal deposition and laser welding made from martensitic steel 1.4313

Dey

Fabbri

Gemmet

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Burckhardt Compression Holding AG, based in Winterthur, is an internationally active manufacturer of reciprocating compressors who uses three-piece pistons in its Laby® reciprocating compressors. Due to their design for casting, the pistons have a high weight, which limits the size of the piston, particularly for the large diameters. For this reason, solutions are being looked for to produce pistons in lightweight design using metal additive manufacturing processes to counteract these challenges. One of the innovative techniques for weight reduction that has been applied in various fields of science and industry is laser direct metal deposition (DMD). Therefore, a project was started with Burckhardt Compression to reduce the mass enabling higher operating speeds. This study presents a workflow to manufacture a lightweight piston from martensitic steel 1.4313 by direct metal deposition (DMD) with a diameter of approximately 342 mm and a height of 140 mm. The piston is characterized by different segments, which are conventionally and additively manufactured to overcome machine limitations. The piston crown was joined to the additive manufactured part and sealed by CO2 laser welding. Reducing the laser power in DMD reduced the temperature, and hence, oxidation of manganese and silicium and reducing the carrier gas flow improved the buildup rate and reduced the turbulence induced oxidation. Alternating the feed direction per layer improved the geometrical accuracy and avoided material accumulation at sharp corners. A method was found to indicate quantitatively the geometrical accuracy of a radius in buildup direction. The welding types and seams for laser welding were selected to enable a good force flow; however, a clamping device was necessary. A double weld strategy was considered in order to reduce a notch effect at the hidden T-joints. The design enabled a 40% weight reduction resulting in a weight of 24 kg compared to the cast piston with a weight of 40 kg. Metallographic analysis and 3D scans were performed in order to evaluate the material quality and geometrical accuracy. The study shows the limitations and challenges of DMD and how to overcome machine limitations by part segmentation.

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“…Horretarako, prozesu mota honetan eragin handiena duten laserraren potentzia (P), hauts emaria (Q) eta pitaren aitzinapen abiadura (F) optimizatzea beharrezkoa da. Kordoiaren forma-parametroarentzat, bibliografian 1/5 eta 1/3 arteko balioak gomendatzen dira, honen itxura-erlazioa egokia izan dadin eta hauek gainjartzerako orduan lotura guneetan fusio-arazoak ager ez daitezen [5]. Bestalde, diluzio-parametroak oinarriaren urtzera bideratutako energia kuantifikatzen du eta kordoi ezberdinen arteko loturarekin ere zerikusia dauka.…”

Section: Metodologiaunclassified

“…Irudia (c) kasua), lotura urria izan daitekeelako. Hori dela eta, zenbait egilek, diluzio optimoa % 10 eta % 30 bitartean dagoela ondorioztatu dute [5]. Mekanizazio prozesu honetan lehenengo probeta arbastatu da, trakzio probetaren itsura hartu arte.…”

Section: Metodologiaunclassified

Fabrikazio gehigarriaren eta forjaren hibridazioa sektore aeronautikorako Inconel 718 piezen fabrikazio eraginkorrerako

Eguzkitza

Mata²,

Arrizubieta

et al. 2022

EKAIA

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Etorkizunean, batez ere sektore aeronautikorako, Inconel 718 piezen fabrikazio-prozedura eraginkorragoa posible den aztertzeko lehen urratsak eman dira lan honetan. Forja-prozesuak propietate mekaniko oso onak eskaintzen ditu, baina geometria konplexutasuna mugatua dauka. Aldiz, fabrikazio gehigarriak diseinu askatasun handia ematen du, baina prozesu honekin fabrikaturiko piezen portaeraren inguruan ziurgabetasuna handiagoa da. Hortaz, lan honetan bi prozesu horien arteko hibridazioa aztertu da, prozesu bakoitzaren alderdi ahulei aurre egiteko asmoz. Zehazki, fabrikazio gehigarriaren barneko Laser bidezko Zuzeneko Energia Gehikuntza (L-ZEG) teknologia erabili da, materiala desira den gunean gehitzeko aukera eskaintzen duelako eta beraz, hibridaziorako prozesu egokia delako. Ikerlan honetan, lehendabizi Forjaturiko Inconel 718 oinarriaren gainean L-ZEG bidez xehetasunak gehitzeko parametro optimoak zehaztu dira. Loturaren kalitatea analisi metalografiko bidez baieztatu da. Bigarren pauso batean, trakzioko saiakuntza bidez, fabrikazio-prozesu bien arteko lotura mekanikoa egokia dela ikusi da eta, bi prozesuen hibridazioa bideragarria dela ondorioztatu da.

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Parameters Development for Optimum Deposition Rate in Laser DMD of Stainless Steel EN X3CrNiMo13-4

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Automation of Property Acquisition of Single Track Depositions Manufactured through Direct Energy Deposition

Automation of Property Acquisition of Single Track Depositions Manufactured through Direct Energy Deposition

Manufacturing a prototype with laser direct metal deposition and laser welding made from martensitic steel 1.4313

Fabrikazio gehigarriaren eta forjaren hibridazioa sektore aeronautikorako Inconel 718 piezen fabrikazio eraginkorrerako

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