Laser cutting of bone tissue under bulk water with a pulsed ps-laser at 532 nm

Abstract

Hard-tissue ablation was already investigated for a broad variety of pulsed laser systems, which cover almost the entire range of available wavelengths and pulse parameters. Most effective in hard-tissue ablation are Er:YAG and CO2 lasers, both utilizing the effect of absorption of infrared wavelengths by water and so-called explosive vaporization, when a thin water film or water–air spray is supplied. The typical flow rates and the water layer thicknesses are too low for surgical applications where bleeding occurs and wound flushing is necessary. We studied a 20 W ps-laser with 532 nm wavelength and a pulse energy of 1 mJ to effectively ablate bones that are submerged 14 mm under water. For these laser parameters, the plasma-mediated ablation mechanism is dominant. Simulations based on the blow-off model predict the cut depth and cross-sectional shape of the incision. The model is modified considering the cross section of the Gaussian beam, the incident angle, and reflections. The ablation rate amounts to 0.2 mm3/s, corresponding to an increase by at least 50% of the highest values published so far for ultrashort laser ablation of hard tissue.

The role of photonics and natural curing agents of TGF-β1 in treatment of osteoarthritis

“…The best bone ablation results are corresponded to the laser systems operating in wavelengths of 2.9, 3, and 5.90-6.45 µm absorbed by biological hard tissue [58]. Following to this investigation, Er:YAG (2.94 µm), Er,Cr:YSGG (2.78 µm) and CO2 lasers seemed to be the most effective candidate for the purpose of cutting mineralised tissue [59][60][61][62] and hard-tissue ablation [63]. Generally reducing the operating time and complications of surgeries are benefited by laser application in surgery [64].…”

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as a potential tool for autocarbonization detection in laserosteotomy

“…Over the past several years, there has been a particular interest in the development of laser surgery systems due to the advantages offered by laser-based cutting, including minimal invasiveness, noncontact interaction, precise and small cuts, functional cut geometry as well as less trauma. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Moreover, in comparison to other mechanical procedures, such as conventional surgery, bone showed faster healing after interventions with laserosteotomes. 7 Studying the effect of different laser parameters on quality and efficiency of laser cutting in both soft and hard tissues is a topic of present interest.…”

Differentiation of femur bone from surrounding soft tissue using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as a feedback system for smart laserosteotomy

“…In comparison to well established mechanical instruments for cutting bone, laserosteotomes provide several important benefits like functional cuts, minimal invasiveness, non-contact interaction, and accelerated healing [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. At the same time, they still suffer from a lack of feedback on the type and properties of the tissue being cut; as a result, critical structures of the body under the laser line are prone to iatrogenic damage [11][12][13][14][15].…”