Laser Deep Penetration Welding of an Aluminum Alloy with Simultaneously Applied Vibrations

A review: Suppression of the solidification cracks in the laser welding process by controlling the grain structure and chemical compositions

“…Grain refinement is achievable through this technique for welding aluminum alloys. It causes the change of grain structure from columnar to equiaxed (Radel, 2018;Woizeschke et al, 2017).…”