Laser diagnostics on atmospheric pressure discharge plasmas, including cryoplasmas, in environments around room and cryogenic temperature

Surface-Specific Modification of Graphitic Carbon Nitride by Plasma for Enhanced Durability and Selectivity of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with a Supramolecular Photocatalyst

“…To gain abundant adsorption sites on the surface of C 3 N 4 , plasma surface modification should have great potential; this is an attractive technique that modifies and improves the surface properties of organic polymers by forming functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino functional groups). − One noticeable advantage of plasma is its nonequilibrium reaction field; that is, a high electron temperature in the 1–10 eV range can provide reactive radical species while keeping the ambient temperature low (≤room temperature). , The plasma-modified surface can enhance the affinity with other targeted molecules. , However, reports on the plasma treatments of C 3 N 4 − and other organic molecules as photocatalysts have thus far not reported the improvement of the adsorptivity of photocatalyst molecules on organic semiconductors in hybrid photocatalysts. In previous reports on the plasma surface modification of C 3 N 4 , plasmas were generated in the gas phase (typically Ar gas was used), with O 2 , N 2 , or NH 3 used as feeding gases to introduce oxygen- or nitrogen-containing functional groups and/or surface defect sites on C 3 N 4 , − resulting in the direct modification of the C 3 N 4 surface.…”

“…39−42 One noticeable advantage of plasma is its nonequilibrium reaction field; that is, a high electron temperature in the 1−10 eV range can provide reactive radical species while keeping the ambient temperature low (≤room temperature). 43,44 The plasma-modified surface can enhance the affinity with other targeted molecules. 39,45 However, reports on the plasma treatments of C 3 N 4 46−49 and other organic molecules 50 as photocatalysts have thus far not reported the improvement of the adsorptivity of photocatalyst molecules on organic semiconductors in hybrid photocatalysts.…”

Plasma–Ice Interface as Thermodynamically Size-Tunable Reaction Field: Development of Plasma-Assisted Freeze Templating

“…One strategy for the introduction of reactivity is the direct contact of cryoplasma with the ice surface; meanwhile, photolysis or ion irradiation is primarily employed in the field of ice surface astrochemistry . Cryoplasma is a nonequilibrium plasma source pioneered by our group in which the plasma gas temperature can be controlled at cryogenic conditions below the room temperature down to the liquid helium temperature. , By exploiting the controllability of gas temperature in cryoplasma, many types of reactive species can be introduced directly onto the ice surface without melting the ice. Herein, we propose a new type of interface on the ice surface, i.e., plasma–ice interface by the combination of cryoplasma and ice surface.…”

Perspectives on functional nitrogen science and plasma-based in situ functionalization

“…Stable, high-density plasmas can be generated at both low and high pressures and temperatures. [28][29][30][31] As an example, Ito et al reported that a micrometer-scale plasma discharge was successfully generated in supercritical CO 2 . 32) Thereafter, Meneoka et al demonstrated a dielectric barrier discharge between carbon nanotube electrodes in high-density N 2 .…”