Laser encoder system for X-Y positioning stage

Chang, Cheng-Yuan; Shih, Hung-Ta; Chang, Syuan-Cheng; Wang, Yung-Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2019.102274

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Aside from acting as a catalyst in ozonation processes, iron oxides are known for their adsorptive capacity, especially for processes of wastewater treatment where dyes are the main target. [ 23,47,48 ] To check this effect in our catalyst, a 2 3 experiment was run using the parameters pH, C 0 , and catalyst amount from Table 1 (levels −1, 0, and +1), without the use of ozone, so adsorption could be evaluated. After 1 hour of contact, the iron oxide was capable of retaining amounts of sunset yellow dye (qt, specific amount of dye adsorbed) within the range of 0.09% to 8.15% (Table S7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ozonation can also be performed in the presence of metal ions (heterogeneous catalysis), which potentiates the degradation of compounds by allowing the formation of hydroxyl radicals by several other mechanisms. [ 23,24 ] In this case, ozonation becomes more attractive in terms of cost due to higher process efficiency. For heterogeneous catalysis, the ease of recovering the catalyst at the end of the process represents an advantage, since there is a reduction in repurchase costs and less toxic metals are dispersed into the effluent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of ozonation and catalytic ozonation (iron oxide) in the degradation of sunset yellow dye

et al. 2020

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Azo dyes present in industrial effluents represent a hurdle that regular treatments cannot overcome. In this study, the application of ozone and a catalytic (iron oxide) ozone treatment were proposed as a means of degrading aqueous sunset yellow dye. In order to understand the factors involved, a rotatable central composite design was applied using the variables time, initial dye concentration (C 0), pH, ozone inlet concentration (O 3), and mass of catalyst, which varied in each case. All variables were significant in colour removal. Extremes in pH, lower C 0 , and higher ozone concentrations are conditions that favour dye degradation. A complete colour loss occurred for certain combinations of these parameters. The application of iron oxide as a catalyst did not present a satisfactory improvement in the reaction rate. Chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon showed minimum values of 80% and 78%, respectively, for the worst experimental conditions (pH 7.0, C 0 of 45 mg • L −1 , and 5 g O 3 • m −3), while their values were 88% and 83% for the best conditions applied. There was no immobilization of Artemia salina nauplii, even for the experimental run where the maximum concentration of dye of the set was used (45 mg dye • L −1). Ozonation is a promising alternative in the degradation of aqueous sunset yellow dye, being favoured in acidic or basic media, which is especially important since food effluents usually present low pH and show low toxicity. The mathematical model proposed can be useful in the design of wastewater treatment processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of ozonation and catalytic ozonation (iron oxide) in the degradation of sunset yellow dye

et al. 2020

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“…For this reason, this manuscript proposes an optical, mechanical design, to improve the positioning accuracy of the stage in a convenient and low-cost way. The error-reduction method of this research is based on the internal zero-point method [ 24 ]. Compared with the previous research, the proposed optical, mechanical structure has a simplified design and a robust signal.…”

Section: Principle and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Heterodyne Laser Encoder System for the X–Y Positioning Stage

Chang

Huang

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This investigation develops a laser encoder system based on a heterodyne laser interferometer. For eliminating geometric errors, the optical structure of the proposed encoder system was carried out with the internal zero-point method. The designed structure can eliminate the geometric errors, including positioning error, straightness error, squareness error, and Abbe error of the positioning stage. The signal processing system is composed of commercial integrated circuits (ICs). The signal type of the proposed encoding system is a differential signal that is compatible with most motion control systems. The proposed encoder system is embedded in a two-dimensional positioning stage. By the experimental results of the positioning test in the measuring range of 27 mm × 27 mm, with a resolution of 15.8 nm, the maximum values of the positioning error and standard deviation are 12.64 nm and 126.4 nm, respectively, in the positioning experiments. The result shows that the proposed encoder system can fit the positioning requirements of the optoelectronic and semiconductor industries.

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“…wide variety of pharmaceutically active compounds. Significant examples ( Figure 1) include lenalidomide (Revlimid, Celgene), 4,5 levetiracetam (Keppra, UCB pharmaceuticals), 6 doxapram, 3 and (−)-azaspirene 7 or related derivatives of 2-pyrrolidinones (of which there are countless examples). 8,9 Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug which is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and was ranked third in sales with $9.685 billion 10 for 2018, levetiracetam is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy, 11 doxapram is a chemoreceptor stimulant, 12 and (-)-azaspirene is a natural product derived from Neosartorya sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There, k H1 and k H2 are rate constants for the initial H• transfer and K 23 = [2]/ [3]. If k H1 ≈ k H2 , the ratio of the radical intermediates [4]/ [9] = K 23 Thus, the concentrations of the radicals are guided by K 23 , not the equilibrium constant for 4 and 9. This approximation also allows the estimation of k H3 by competition kinetics (see eq S3-S10 for derivation).…”

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confidence: 99%

H· Transfer-Initiated Synthesis of γ-Lactams: Interpretation of Cycloisomerization and Hydrogenation Ratios

et al. 2019

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A cobaloxime/H 2 system used to synthesize valuable γ-lactams from acrylamide molecules is described. In addition to cycloisomerized lactams, linear hydrogenated products were also observed. The amounts of the hydrogenation product were observed to correlate with the bulk of the substituent on the acrylamide nitrogen. Further analysis of the product distributions with experimental and computational studies suggested that while cyclization can occur from one C=C acrylamide rotamer, hydrogenation can occur from both. This observation was further evinced through calculation of the hydrogenation rate constant, which was observed to be ca. 10 2 faster than previously determined for a related system using n Bu 3 SnH.

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Laser encoder system for X-Y positioning stage

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Effectiveness of ozonation and catalytic ozonation (iron oxide) in the degradation of sunset yellow dye

Effectiveness of ozonation and catalytic ozonation (iron oxide) in the degradation of sunset yellow dye

Development of the Heterodyne Laser Encoder System for the X–Y Positioning Stage

H· Transfer-Initiated Synthesis of γ-Lactams: Interpretation of Cycloisomerization and Hydrogenation Ratios

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