Laser engineered net shaping of antimicrobial and biocompatible titanium-silver alloys

Maharubin, Shahrima; Hu, Yingbin; Sooriyaarachchi, Dilshan; Cong, Weilong; Tan, George Z.

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2019.110059

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Conventional manu acture o silver (Ag) relies on orging, lost-wax casting, rolling, hand abrication or machining. Silver classed as a precious metal is highly re lective, thermally and electrically conductive with antimicrobial properties [1][2][3][4] and there ore, silver and associated alloys are increasingly being investigated or use in various applications including thermal management, biomedical, renewable energy and electronics [5][6][7]. Furthermore, traditional manu acturing processes can reduce design reedom and increase material consumption when compared to advanced abrication techniques such as Additive Manu acturing (AM) [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable formation of powder bed laser fused 99.9% silver

Robinson

Stanford

Arjunan

2020

Materials Today Communications

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Additive manu acture (AM) o metals and alloys using powder-bed usion (PBF) o ten employs a 400W (1060 -1100 nm wavelength) ibre laser as the primary energy source or Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Highly re lective and thermally conductive materials such as pure silver (Ag) o er signi icant challenges or SLM due to insu icient laser energy absorption at the powder bed. Accordingly, this work pioneers the processing, analysis, and abrication o 99.9% (pure) atomised Ag using PBF AM eaturing a 400W ibre laser system. The atomised pure silver powder is characterised or its morphology, size, shape, distribution and compared to current AM sterling silver. Laser-powder interaction is then investigated through single track abrication to assess the easibility o laser melting pure Ag. Varied process parameter single laser pass and single-track abrication on both copper and steel build substrates are conducted and analysed with optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The resulting SLM process parameters are then used to create pure Ag 3D structures and the e ects o laser power, scan speed, hatch distance and layer thickness on material density is evaluated. Furthermore, SEM analysis o the 3D structures was conducted to identi y optimum laser power, scan speed, hatch distance and layer thickness required to create dense pure Ag structures. The results o this study show that SLM processing o pure Ag utilising PBF AM is easible. The optimum process parameters required or the generation o controlled track ormation and 3D abrication o pure Ag at a 97% density is reported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable formation of powder bed laser fused 99.9% silver

Robinson

Stanford

Arjunan

2020

Materials Today Communications

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“…Compared with Gram-positive bacteria, Ag + has faster, longer, and more effective bactericidal effects on Gram-negative bacteria [106,108,158]. This may be due to the existence of a thick peptidoglycan layer in S. aureus, which can inhibit the transport of Ag ions through the cell membrane and has a low sensitivity [28]. Because of Ag's various antibacterial mechanisms, it is not easy to appear drug resistance, and it even has a strong antibacterial effect against MRSA [46].…”

Section: Antibacterial Active Metal 421 Silvermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AM technology enables the fabrication of patient-tailored and structurally optimized porous implants through the precise design of external and internal structures [20][21][22]. Metal AM is composed of electron beam melting (EBM) [23,24], selective laser sintering (SLS) [25,26], selective laser melting (SLM) [27], laser engineered net shaping (LENS) [28,29], direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) [30,31], and laser aided AM methods [32]. Figure 1 shows several widely applied metal AM processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Bactericidal Enhancement of Additively Manufactured Titanium Implants

et al. 2021

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Implant-associated infections (IAIs) are among the most intractable and costly complications in implant surgery. They can lead to surgery failure, a high economic burden, and a decrease in patient quality of life. This manuscript is devoted to introducing current antimicrobial strategies for additively manufactured (AM) titanium (Ti) implants and fostering a better understanding in order to pave the way for potential modern high-throughput technologies. Most bactericidal strategies rely on implant structure design and surface modification. By means of rational structural design, the performance of AM Ti implants can be improved by maintaining a favorable balance between the mechanical, osteogenic, and antibacterial properties. This subject becomes even more important when working with complex geometries; therefore, it is necessary to select appropriate surface modification techniques, including both topological and chemical modification. Antibacterial active metal and antibiotic coatings are among the most commonly used chemical modifications in AM Ti implants. These surface modifications can successfully inhibit bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, and bacterial apoptosis, leading to improved antibacterial properties. As a result of certain issues such as drug resistance and cytotoxicity, the development of novel and alternative antimicrobial strategies is urgently required. In this regard, the present review paper provides insights into the enhancement of bactericidal properties in AM Ti implants.

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“…Furthermore, recent research has reported the highest achievable density of pure Cu with a standard 200W laser is 85.8% 31 . In addition to their pure form, Ag and Cu are also being investigated as alloying elements to exploit their desired properties 37,38 compounding the interest in their potential laser processing. So far L-PBF processing of high purity Ag, Cu and CuAg alloys has seen limited research with varying success 31,39,40 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and thermal performance of additively manufactured copper, silver and copper–silver alloys

Robinson

Arjunan

Baroutaji

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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On-demand additive manufacturing (three-dimensional printing) offers great potential for the development of functional materials for the next generation of energy-efficient devices. In particular, novel materials suitable for efficient dissipation of localised heat fluxes and non-uniform thermal loads with superior mechanical performance are critical for the accelerated development of future automotive, aerospace and renewable energy technologies. In this regard, this study reports the laser powder bed fusion processing of high purity (>99%) copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and novel copper–silver (CuAg) alloys ready for on-demand additive manufacturing. The processed materials were experimentally analysed for their relative density, mechanical and thermal performance using X-ray computed tomography, destructive tensile testing and laser flash apparatus, respectively. It was found that while Ag featured higher failure strains, Cu in comparison showed a 109%, 17% and 59% improvement in yield strength ([Formula: see text]), Young’s modulus ( E) and ultimate tensile strength, respectively. As such the [Formula: see text], E and ultimate tensile strength for laser powder bed fusion Cu is comparable to commercially available laser powder bed fusion Cu materials. CuAg alloys, however, significantly outperformed Ag, Cu and all commercial Cu materials when it came to mechanical performance offering significantly superior performance. The [Formula: see text], E and ultimate tensile strength for the novel CuAg composition were 105%, 33% and 94% higher in comparison to Cu. Although slightly different, the trend continued with a 106% and 91% rise for [Formula: see text] and ultimate tensile strength, respectively, for CuAg in comparison to industry-standard Cu. Unfortunately, E values for industry-standard Cu alloys were not available. When it came to thermal performance, laser powder bed fusion Ag was found to offer a 70% higher thermal diffusivity in comparison to Cu despite the variation in density and porosity. CuAg alloys however only showed a 0.8% variation in thermal performance despite a 10–30% increase in Ag. Overall, the study presents a new understanding regarding the three-dimensional printing and performance of Cu, Ag and CuAg alloys.

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Laser engineered net shaping of antimicrobial and biocompatible titanium-silver alloys

Cited by 33 publications

References 49 publications

Stable formation of powder bed laser fused 99.9% silver

Stable formation of powder bed laser fused 99.9% silver

Toward Bactericidal Enhancement of Additively Manufactured Titanium Implants

Mechanical and thermal performance of additively manufactured copper, silver and copper–silver alloys

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