Laser ignition - Spark plug development and application in reciprocating engines

Pavel, N.; Bärwinkel, Mark; Heinz, P.; Brüggemann, Dieter; Dearden, Geoff; Croitoru, Gabriela; Grigore, Oana

doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2018.04.001

Cited by 62 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Lasers emitting around 1 μm are successfully employed in various fields, such as medicine, biology, industry, laser ignition for aeronautics and automotive, laser display, laser sensing, high resolution microscopy, spectroscopy, or research [1,2,3,4,5,6]. One-micron lasers are typically attained with Nd- or Yb-doped active media [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient 1 µm Laser Emission of Czochralski-Grown Nd:LGSB Single Crystal

et al. 2019

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A 5.0-at.% Nd-doped La0.64Gd0.41Sc2.95(BO3)4 (Nd:LGSB) borate laser crystal was successfully grown by the Czochralski method, for the first time to our knowledge. The spectroscopic properties of the grown crystal are discussed and 1 µm laser emission, under end-pumping with a fiber-coupled diode laser at 807 nm, is reported. A c-cut Nd:LGSB medium yielded 1.35 W continuous-wave output power at 0.63 overall optical-to-optical efficiency, with respect to the absorbed pump power, together with the high 0.68 slope efficiency. With an a-cut Nd:LGSB sample, 0.81 W output power at 0.52 optical-to-optical efficiency was obtained. The laser emission performances under quasi-continuous wave pumping are presented as well, for both c-cut and a-cut crystals. Passive Q-switching was investigated with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). Laser pulses with 2.2 µJ energy and 32.8 ns durations were recorded from a-cut Nd:LGSB. The average output power reached 0.36 W at 1.55 W absorbed pump power. Passive mode-locking with SESAM was achieved in a long Z-type resonator. Ultrashort pulses with 0.19 W average power, 1.63 nJ energy, and 1.43 ps pulse duration, at 118 MHz repetition rate, are demonstrated for the a-cut Nd:LGSB medium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient 1 µm Laser Emission of Czochralski-Grown Nd:LGSB Single Crystal

et al. 2019

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“…Some types of laser systems have recently been miniaturized [27][28]. For example, laser ignition has been applied to internal combustion engines [29][30][31]. In the field of space propulsion, laser ignition has been actively investigated in recent years [8,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous‐Wave Laser Ignition of Non‐Solvent Ionic Liquids Based on High Energetic Salts with Carbon Additives

Itouyama

Habu

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The ignition system for ammonium dinitramide‐based non‐solvent ionic liquids (ADN‐EILPs) with a continuous‐wave (CW) laser was investigated. The efficiency of conversion from CW laser power to ignition energy for ADN‐EILPs is important, and carbon additives are expected to enhance the efficiency of conversion. The impact of additive shapes on ADN‐EILP ignition by CW lasers is discussed herein by comparing the results of the ignition behavior observation using a high‐speed infrared camera. The shapes of the carbon additives are of two different types: fine fiber mass, called carbon wool, and powder of graphite. The ignition delay of carbon wool mixed ADN‐EILPs is shorter than that of the sample with graphite powder. The difference in these results might depend on the low dispersibility in ADN‐EILPs of carbon wools and the presence of local heat spots owing to the CW laser. The addition of carbon wools in ADN‐EILPs is expected to facilitate their ignition by CW laser heating.

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“…LI can bring several advantages in comparison with ignition performed by classical electrical spark plugs (ESP). [1][2][3][4] With LI, there is no quenching effect on the combustion flame kernel, the laser beam can be delivered at any position within the combustion chamber, ignition can be obtained simultaneously at different points inside the cylinder, or lean air-fuel mixtures can be fired. LI was first employed to operate an engine (a one-cylinder ASTM-CFR engine) in 1978, by Dale et al 5 A large CO 2 laser with pulses having an energy of 0.3 J and 50 ns duration at 10.6 μm was used for the experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly process and optical performances for a golden laser spark-plug device

et al. 2019

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The low-stress Solderjet Bumping technique was employed to assemble the optical components of an increased-robustness laser spark-plug ignition device using the low melting alloys 96.5Sn3Ag0.5Cu and 80Au20Sn. A finite-element-method analysis, optical simulations, and a soldering parametrization test were performed to prove that different optical materials (sapphire, ECO-550, D-ZLaF52LA, TAC4, and N-SF11 glasses) could be fastened to the stainless steel body. The assembled spark-plug device featured a passively Q-switched Nd∶YAG∕Cr 4þ ∶YAG composite ceramic medium and delivered laser pulses with energy variable between 2.40 and 4.70 mJ, with 0.8 ns duration, suitable for inducing air breakdown phenomenon and engine combustion. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Laser ignition - Spark plug development and application in reciprocating engines

Cited by 62 publications

References 118 publications

Efficient 1 µm Laser Emission of Czochralski-Grown Nd:LGSB Single Crystal

Efficient 1 µm Laser Emission of Czochralski-Grown Nd:LGSB Single Crystal

Continuous‐Wave Laser Ignition of Non‐Solvent Ionic Liquids Based on High Energetic Salts with Carbon Additives

Assembly process and optical performances for a golden laser spark-plug device

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