Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy – A geochemical tool for the 21st century

Harmon, Russell S.; Senesi, Giorgio S.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.104929

Cited by 115 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 386 publications

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“…Presently, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is one of the two techniques for chemical analysis outside the laboratory and has been demonstrated to be effective for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of a broad spectrum of minerals, rocks, sediments and soils [ 58 ]. There are several attributes of LIBS that make it an attractive tool for the chemical analysis of geological materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emission lines were observed for Mn and Fe, Si and Al, H and the alkali and alkali earth elements Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca and Ba (Figure 1). 10 μm [58]. Stratigraphic analysis of a sample by depth profiling is also possible as sequential ablation with successive laser pulses progressively bores down into a sample.…”

Section: Previous Libs Analysis Of Rock Varnishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Handheld LIBS is especially well-suited to geochemical applications that would benefit from real-time analysis outside the traditional laboratory setting and during geologic fieldwork because of its portability and versatility [ 56 , 57 ]. When used in conjunction with statistical chemometric data processing techniques, LIBS allows for the discrimination of samples of similar appearance but different composition, stratigraphic correlation or the determination of geomaterial provenance [ 58 ].…”

Section: Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, LIBS sampling is highly resolved spatially as the plasma forms over a restricted spatial area of tens of micrometers on the sample surface, with only a minute quantity of material (typically picograms to nanograms) ablated and sampled by each laser pulse. This precise resolution permits in situ analysis of individual particles, mineral grains or inclusions; the fine-scale compositional mapping of compositionally or texturally complex samples; the analysis of thin crusts, coatings or surface alteration zones without substrate interference; chemical analysis at highly spatially resolved spatial scales < 10 μm [ 58 ]. Stratigraphic analysis of a sample by depth profiling is also possible as sequential ablation with successive laser pulses progressively bores down into a sample.…”

Section: Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Rock Varnish from the Mojave Desert by Handheld Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a form of optical emission spectroscopy that can be used for the rapid analysis of geological materials in the field under ambient environmental conditions. We describe here the innovative use of handheld LIBS for the in situ analysis of rock varnish. This thinly laminated and compositionally complex veneer forms slowly over time on rock surfaces in dryland regions and is particularly abundant across the Mojave Desert climatic region of east-central California (USA). Following the depth profiling examination of a varnished clast from colluvial gravel in Death Valley in the laboratory, our in situ analysis of rock varnish and visually similar coatings on rock surfaces was undertaken in the Owens and Deep Spring valleys in two contexts, element detection/identification and microchemical mapping. Emission peaks were recognized in the LIBS spectra for the nine elements most abundant in rock varnish—Mn, Fe, Si, Al, Na, Mg, K, Ca and Ba, as well as for H, Li, C, O, Ti, V, Sr and Rb. Focused follow-up laboratory and field studies will help understand rock varnish formation and its utility for weathering and chronological studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Libs Analysis Of Rock Varnishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Rock Varnish from the Mojave Desert by Handheld Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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“…Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an established technique of analytical atomic spectrometry that today offers, in handheld analyzer form, a convenient, reliable, and versatile technique for localized material analysis. The application of both laboratory and handheld LIBS across multiple domains of the geosciences has been described in the literature (see e.g., [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] and references therein). LIBS has a persuasive set of advantages that include its sensitivity to all elements, particularly the light elements (Z < 20) that cannot be analyzed by other field-portable methods; its capability to analyze material in any state-solid, liquid, or gas with little to no sample preparation; and its ability for rapid analysis in situ under ambient environmental conditions.…”

Section: Summary and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Garnet by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy—Two Practical Applications

et al. 2021

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a simple and straightforward technique of atomic emission spectroscopy that can provide multi-element detection and quantification in any material, in-situ and in real time because all elements emit in the 200–900 nm spectral range of the LIBS optical emission. This study evaluated two practical applications of LIBS—validation of labels assigned to garnets in museum collections and discrimination of LCT (lithium-cesium-tantalum) and NYF (niobium, yttrium and fluorine) pegmatites based on garnet geochemical fingerprinting, both of which could be implemented on site in a museum or field setting with a handheld LIBS analyzer. Major element compositions were determined using electron microprobe analysis for a suite of 208 garnets from 24 countries to determine garnet type. Both commercial laboratory and handheld analyzers were then used to acquire LIBS broadband spectra that were chemometrically processed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and linear support vector machine classification (SVM). High attribution success rates (>98%) were obtained using PLSDA and SVM for the handheld data suggesting that LIBS could be used in a museum setting to assign garnet type quickly and accurately. LIBS also identifies changes in garnet composition associated with increasing mineral and chemical complexity of LCT and NYF pegmatites.

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Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Cremers¹,

Multari²,

Knight³

2021

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a method of atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) based on a laser‐generated plasma. Powerful laser pulses are focused on a sample to atomize a small mass of material resulting in the formation of a microplasma containing free atoms electronically excited to emit light. The plasma light is spectrally resolved and detected to determine the elemental sample composition based on the unique emission spectrum of each element. Because of the simplicity of the method, it is suited for analyses that cannot be carried out using conventional techniques of AES such as measurements that must be conducted outside of an analytical laboratory. A particular advantage of LIBS is the ability to analyze gases, liquids, and solids in situ, directly, with little or no sample preparation allowing rapid measurement capability. Although LIBS offers sensitive detection for many elements, it is not an ultrasensitive detection technique and, under field conditions, the method does not typically provide the high accuracy and precision offered by laboratory‐based AES methods. Although basically an element detection method, complex targets (e.g. explosives, pathogens, and chemical agents) can be identified through analysis of the LIBS spectrum using advanced mathematical methods (e.g. multivariate analysis, neural networks).

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Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy – A geochemical tool for the 21st century

Cited by 115 publications

References 386 publications

Analysis of Rock Varnish from the Mojave Desert by Handheld Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Analysis of Rock Varnish from the Mojave Desert by Handheld Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Analysis of Garnet by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy—Two Practical Applications

Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

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