“…These coatings are particularly beneficial in optical devices, such as lenses, mirrors, and displays, where reflections can cause glare, reduce contrast, and distort the image quality [ 1 ]. AR coatings are typically designed to minimize the reflection at a specific wavelength [ 2 ], several wavelengths [ 3 ], or over a range of wavelengths [ 4 , 5 ], depending on the application. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques, such as electron beam evaporation, ion beam sputtering, magnetron sputtering, etc., are the most widely used methods for fabricating AR coatings, offering numerous advantages, including high deposition rates, good film uniformity, and the deposition of high-quality optical coatings with high laser-induced damage thresholds [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”