Laser-induced graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for environmental applications: a perspective

Wanjari, Vikram P.; Reddy, A. Sudharshan; Duttagupta, Siddhartha P.; Singh, Swatantra P.

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-21035-x

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…30,31 The laser-based production technique ensures high-purity graphene with outstanding structural integrity, allowing versatile use of carbon sources, precise property control, and integration into existing manufacturing processes. 28,32 Its rapid and cost-efficient graphene production has led to applications across diverse fields like energy storage, electrocatalysis, water treatment, and sensing due to its unmatched physicochemical properties. 33 Notably, LIG's antiviral, antibacterial, and antibiofouling attributes make it pertinent in energy, environmental, and biomedical domains.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laser-induced graphene (LIG) represents a distinctive layered form of graphene generated on polymer-based carbonous substrates using a CO 2 laser, offering a reagent-free and straightforward method for graphene production. , Undergoing sulfur doping through poly(ether sulfone) (PES) results in sulfur-doped LIG, showcasing superior electrocatalytic properties attributed to heightened charge storage and the creation of more active catalytic sites via carbon–sulfur interactions. , This variant of LIG boasts exceptional conductivity and catalytic activity, making it ideal for efficient power generation in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and presenting a scalable alternative to costly catalysts like platinum. , The laser-based production technique ensures high-purity graphene with outstanding structural integrity, allowing versatile use of carbon sources, precise property control, and integration into existing manufacturing processes. , Its rapid and cost-efficient graphene production has led to applications across diverse fields like energy storage, electrocatalysis, water treatment, and sensing due to its unmatched physicochemical properties . Notably, LIG’s antiviral, antibacterial, and antibiofouling attributes make it pertinent in energy, environmental, and biomedical domains .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-Induced Graphene as a Cathode Catalyst for Microbial Fuel Cell

Senthilkumar,

Wanjari,

Kanwar

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Cathode catalysts are vital components in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for power generation. However, the high cost of platinum (Pt), the preferred catalyst material, limits its scalability. Several efforts have been made to improve the catalytic performance of MFCs in order to replace the existing catalysts. Graphene exhibits excellent catalytic activity due to its unique physicochemical properties. However, conventional graphene fabrication methods are complex and expensive. In contrast, laser-induced graphene (LIG) offers a single-step, cost-effective approach with high conductivity and catalytic activity. This study investigates the performance of LIG derived from poly(ether sulfone) (PES)-modified carbon cloth (CC) as a cathode catalyst for wastewater treatment in MFCs. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the prepared catalyst, demonstrating its unique nature and purity. Additionally, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis evaluate the PES-LIG-CC's charge-transfer capacity and electrocatalytic activity. MFC with PES-LIG-CC has given a potential value (0.740 V) that was 2.1 times higher than bare CC (0.360 V) but lesser than Pt/C catalyst (1.050 V). The PES-LIG-CC cathode achieves a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 84% after three cycles. The finding suggests that the PES-LIG-CC catalyst for power output offers an affordable substitute for the expensive Pt/C catalysts used in MFC for wastewater treatment.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Graphene as a Cathode Catalyst for Microbial Fuel Cell

Senthilkumar,

Wanjari,

Kanwar

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…32−36 The porous graphene structures have shown great promise for developing electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental applications. 37 LIG works as an effective platform for enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic detection of glucose, 38 urea, 39 bisphenol A, 40 and different biomolecules such as Her-2 cancer biomarkers. 41 The flexible nature of these printable sensors has been demonstrated for an onsite food safety application to detect chloramphenicol, clenbuterol, and ractopamine residues in food samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major advantages of LIG is that it can be produced from many substrates ranging from commercial polymers , to waste organic materials such as cloth, paper, and food . This flexibility offers the potential to explore recyclable and cheaper materials for flexible electronics and other applications. − The porous graphene structures have shown great promise for developing electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental applications . LIG works as an effective platform for enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic detection of glucose, urea, bisphenol A, and different biomolecules such as Her-2 cancer biomarkers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, lattice defects present in LIG have been found to induce higher electrocatalytic properties . The advantage of high electrochemical performance and scalable fabrication process has allowed the detection of pollutants of environmental significance. ,,− The nitro group in 4-NP is susceptible to redox changes by heterogeneous electron transfer in the presence of external potential . The porous structure and electrochemical activity of LIG can hence be an efficient platform for the detection of such phenolic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual Linear Range Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Sensor for 4-Nitrophenol Detection in Water

Wanjari

Duttagupta

Singh

2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Electrochemical sensors provide an excellent platform for in situ water pollutant detection. Graphene-based electrochemical sensors have been effective in the analysis of different genres of pollutants. However, the complex, chemically intensive steps of graphene fabrication and its modification pose challenges to the large-scale application of these sensors. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a promising technology with a simple, rapid, chemical-free, mask-free, and scalable solution to produce graphene-based electrochemical sensors. Among a diverse array of water pollutants, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) is a critical pollutant owing to its acute toxicity and adverse health effects on humans and other living organisms. It is known to have carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects on aquatic life, plants, and human beings at very low concentrations. This work demonstrated a simple nonreceptor-based electrochemical sensor for 4-NP detection by laser-induced graphene (LIG) printed on polyimide (PI) films. The laser irradiation of polymeric films results in 3D porous graphene structure formation, which increases the electron transfer rate as well as the electrochemically active surface area. The LIG sensor was fabricated by optimizing laser settings and characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, TGA, and EDS analysis. Using linear sweep voltammetry, the LIG sensors demonstrated linear behavior in two concentration ranges from 0.15 to 1 μM and 2.5 to 100 μM with a detection limit of 95 nM. A higher sensitivity was observed for the lower concentration range, which could be attributed to increased electrochemical sites for 4-NP in the porous LIG. The sensor showed good selectivity toward 4-NP in the presence of its isomers and other phenolic compounds. Furthermore, it showed good selectivity in sewage samples spiked with different 4-NP concentrations. The enhanced sensitivity of LIG toward 4-NP at a lower concentration range could pave the way for high-performance sensors using LIG for environmental and other applications.

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Electrodeposited Silver Dendrites on Laser‐Induced Graphene for Electrochemical Detection of Nitrate with Tunable Sensor Properties

Adiraju,

Jalasutram,

Wang

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Inter

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Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) is a promising technology enabling cost‐effective, scalable, and high surface area 3D‐porous graphene electrodes for electrochemical applications. Nitrate in water bodies is a harmful contaminant to humans and the ecosystems. Its detection by electrochemical sensors is challenging due to the interference from nitrite. Herein, for the first time, a LIG‐based electrochemical sensor modified with electrodeposited silver dendrites (EdAg/LIG) without using surfactants is proposed for the detection of nitrate with tunable selectivity and sensitivity. The modified electrode surface is extensively characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods and the underlying mechanism for the formation of dendrites is substantiated. The developed EdAg dendrites/LIG electrode shows excellent sensing properties for the detection of nitrate at pH 2. The interference with nitrite in acidic media is eliminated by implementing a novel strategy to shift the working pH of the electrode to 7. The achieved sensor properties at both pH values surpass other LIG‐based sensors with limit of detection of 0.46 at pH 2 and 5.53 µm at pH 7. The developed sensor also shows good recovery characteristics in mineral, tap, and groundwater across a wide range of concentrations and also demonstrates good stability under temperature fluctuations and deformations.

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Laser-induced graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for environmental applications: a perspective

Cited by 28 publications

References 101 publications

Laser-Induced Graphene as a Cathode Catalyst for Microbial Fuel Cell

Laser-Induced Graphene as a Cathode Catalyst for Microbial Fuel Cell

Dual Linear Range Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Sensor for 4-Nitrophenol Detection in Water

Electrodeposited Silver Dendrites on Laser‐Induced Graphene for Electrochemical Detection of Nitrate with Tunable Sensor Properties

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