Laser induced graphene electrodes enhanced with carbon nanotubes for membraneless microfluidic fuel cell

Rao, Lanka Tata; Dubey, Satish Kumar; Javed, Arshad; Goel, Sanket

doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101176

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Besides the direct synthesis of materials in which LIG is included, other laser-based approaches for substrate microprocessing [29] and surface treatment are achievable, in an abundant list of materials, including polymers, [30] graphene [31] or metallic surfaces and nanoparticles, [32] for patterning and fabrication of active electronic elements and to potentiate the electric and conductive properties of many materials. Powered by these laser processing techniques, LIG has shown promising properties to complement such approaches, as well as conventional printing techniques, including screenprinting [33] and inkjet printing, [34] to develop active elements in flexible electronics for application in bioelectronic systems, such as conductive films, [35] supercapacitors [36] and biofuel cells [37] that can be integrated with biosensors for comprehensive, multifunctional, self-sustainable applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Induced Graphene on Paper toward Efficient Fabrication of Flexible, Planar Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing

Pinheiro

Silvestre

Coelho

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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Laser irradiation to induce networks of graphene‐based structures toward cost‐effective, flexible device fabrication is a highly pursued area, with applications in various polymeric substrates. This work reports the application of this approach toward commonly available, eco‐friendly, low‐cost substrates, namely, chromatographic and office papers. Through an appropriate chemical treatment with sodium tetraborate as a fire‐retardant agent, photothermal conversion to porous laser‐induced graphene (LIG) on paper is achieved. Raman peaks are identified, with I2D/IG and ID/IG peak ratios of 0.616 ± 0.095 and 1.281 ± 0.173, showing the formation of multilayered graphenic material, exhibiting sheet resistances as low as 56.0 Ω sq–1. Coplanar, LIG‐based, three‐electrode systems (working, counter and reference electrodes) are produced and characterized, showing high current Faradaic oxidation and reduction peaks, translating in high electrochemical active area, doubling the geometric area. Good electron transfer kinetics performed exclusively with on‐chip measurements are reached, with k0 values as high as 7.15 × 10–4 cm s–1. Proof‐of‐concept, amperometric, enzymatic glucose biosensors are developed, exhibiting good analytical performance in physiologically relevant glucose levels, with results pointing to the applicability of paper‐based LIG toward efficient, disposable electrochemical sensor development, increasing their sustainability and accessibility, while simplifying their production and reducing their cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Induced Graphene on Paper toward Efficient Fabrication of Flexible, Planar Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing

Pinheiro

Silvestre

Coelho

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…This manifests that the electrons transfer kinetics has been in line with the electrochemical reaction. Subsequently, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique was used to identify the behaviour of MWCNT electrodes with optimized fuel and electrolyte concentration solutions [37].…”

Section: Electrolyte Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single microfluidic fuel cell with three fuels – formic acid, glucose and microbes: A comparative performance investigation

Rao

Rewatkar

Khan

et al. 2021

J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng.

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The development of microfluidic and nanofluidic devices is gaining remarkable attention due to the emphasis put on miniaturization of conventional energy conversion and storage processes. A microfluidic fuel cell can integrate flow of electrolytes, electrode-electrolyte interactions, and power generation in a microfluidic channel. Such microfluidic fuel cells can be categorized on the basis of electrolytes and catalysts used for power generation. In this work, for the first time, a single microfluidic fuel cell was harnessed by using different fuels like glucose, microbes and formic acid. Herein, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) acted as electrode material, and performance investigations were carried out separately on the same microfluidic device for three different types of fuel cells (formic acid, microbial and enzymatic). The fabricated miniaturized microfluidic device was successfully used to harvest energy in microwatts from formic acid, microbes and glucose, without any metallic catalyst. The developed microfluidic fuel cells can maintain stable open-circuit voltage, which can be used for energizing various low-power portable devices or applications.

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“…Unfortunately, in the portable electronic fields, miniaturization of the popular proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) encountered challenges from the indispensable core component, proton exchange membrane 7,8 . The membrane mechanical and chemical degradation and the issues such as the liquid water management, fuel crossover and integration difficulties have retarded the large‐scale commercial application of PEMFC in the consumer electronics market 9‐11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design of reactant delivery system in microfluidic fuel cell with porous electrodes

Xie

Shan

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Reactant delivery systems with different shaped inlet reservoirs bring significant volume increase to microfluidic fuel cells (MFCs). In this work, a two‐dimensional model is constructed for the flow through type MFC with porous electrodes and systematic analyses are performed for the optimization of the reactant delivery system to reduce the volume cost and meanwhile enhance the cell performance. Corresponding results show that though reservoir is essential in the MFC system, a narrow channel with a width on the order of a few tenths of a millimeter is already enough for the reactant distribution and thus the inlet reservoir size can be greatly reduced (93.33% under the flow rate of 300 μL min−1) without sacrificing the cell performance. A high flexibility is allowed for the reactant inlet size of the reservoir in the cases with high flow rates while larger inlet size is preferred in the cases with low flow rates. Optimal inlet position locates in the section close to the current collectors in the ohmic‐loss dominated cases. Yet, it moves to the middle section of the system with the decrease of reactant concentration or flow rate as concentration loss is responsible for the major performance loss in these cases. The results could provide instructive guidance for the optimization of reactant delivery system in MFC with porous electrodes.

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Laser induced graphene electrodes enhanced with carbon nanotubes for membraneless microfluidic fuel cell

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Laser‐Induced Graphene on Paper toward Efficient Fabrication of Flexible, Planar Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing

Laser‐Induced Graphene on Paper toward Efficient Fabrication of Flexible, Planar Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing

Single microfluidic fuel cell with three fuels – formic acid, glucose and microbes: A comparative performance investigation

Optimal design of reactant delivery system in microfluidic fuel cell with porous electrodes

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