Laser‐made 3D Auxetic Metamaterial Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Flamourakis, George; Spanos, Ioannis; Vangelatos, Zacharias; Manganas, Phanee; Papadimitriou, Lila; Grigoropoulos, Costas P.; Ranella, Anthi; Farsari, Maria

doi:10.1002/mame.202070016

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…It is evident that a transition takes place at the vicinity of 110 mJ/cm 2 . As it has been discussed previously [ 11 ], this material behaviour is attributed to the polymerization threshold and the fabrication strategy which was followed. A line-by-line hatching strategy was used for each structure, with a ~200 nm distance between the centers of parallel lines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The experimental setup used in this work is the same as described in [ 11 ]. It consists of two scanning systems using the same irradiation source: a Ti:Sapphire pulsed fs laser operating at 800 nm (Femtolasers Fusion, Vienna, Austria, pulse duration <20 fs in the sample, repetition rate 80 MHz).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, the realization and study of mechanical metamaterials existed only in two dimensions as a consequence of the less perplexing analysis that is required in 2D elasticity, plasticity and fracture mechanics [ 7 ]. As additive manufacturing techniques became more widely available, the fabrication of mechanical metamaterials was elevated into the realm of three-dimensions, leading to several riveting and scintillating applications such as biomedical implants [ 8 ], battery electrodes [ 9 ], and scaffolds for tissue engineering [ 10 , 11 ]. Some of the techniques employed in the fabrication of 3D mechanical metamaterials are inkjet printing, selective laser melting, and multiphoton lithography (MPL) [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Characterization of Microscale Auxetic and Anisotropic Structures Fabricated by Multiphoton Lithography

et al. 2021

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The need for control of the elastic properties of architected materials has been accentuated due to the advances in modelling and characterization. Among the plethora of unconventional mechanical responses, controlled anisotropy and auxeticity have been promulgated as a new avenue in bioengineering applications. This paper aims to delineate the mechanical performance of characteristic auxetic and anisotropic designs fabricated by multiphoton lithography. Through finite element analysis the distinct responses of representative topologies are conveyed. In addition, nanoindentation experiments observed in-situ through scanning electron microscopy enable the validation of the modeling and the observation of the anisotropic or auxetic phenomena. Our results herald how these categories of architected materials can be investigated at the microscale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Characterization of Microscale Auxetic and Anisotropic Structures Fabricated by Multiphoton Lithography

et al. 2021

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“…The same can be extended for the fabrication of orthopedic implants with improved surface finish and strength using EBM [193]. Porous auxetic materials are used in the fabrication of smart bandages and smart filters where the pore size varies in accordance with the applied stress [194,195]. In addition, they are one among the prime candidates for applications such as drug delivery and the removal of metabolic wastes.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the application of additive manufacturing methods for auxetic structures: a review

2021

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Auxetic structures are a special class of structural components that exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) because of their constituent materials, internal microstructure, or structural geometry. To realize such structures, specialized manufacturing processes are required to achieve a dimensional accuracy, reduction of material wastage, and a quicker fabrication. Hence, additive manufacturing (AM) techniques play a pivotal role in this context. AM is a layer-wise manufacturing process and builds the structure as per the designed geometry with appreciable precision and accuracy. Hence, it is extremely beneficial to fabricate auxetic structures using AM, which is otherwise a tedious and expensive task. In this study, a detailed discussion of the various AM techniques used in the fabrication of auxetic structures is presented. The advancements and advantages put forward by the AM domain have offered a plethora of opportunities for the fabrication and development of unconventional structures. Therefore, the authors have attempted to provide a meaningful encapsulation and a detailed discussion of the most recent of such advancements pertaining to auxetic structures. The article opens with a brief history of the growth of auxetic materials and later auxetic structures. Subsequently, discussions centering on the different AM techniques employed for the realization of auxetic structures are conducted. The basic principle, advantages, and disadvantages of these processes are discussed to provide an in-depth understanding of the current level of research. Furthermore, the performance of some of the prominent auxetic structures realized through these methods is discussed to compare their benefits and shortcomings. In addition, the influences of geometric and process parameters on such structures are evaluated through a comprehensive review to assess their feasibility for the latermentioned applications. Finally, valuable insights into the applications, limitations, and prospects of AM for auxetic structures are provided to enable the readers to gauge the vitality of such manufacturing as a production method.

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“…The impact fields are intertwined and benefiting from individual advances, for instance, metamaterials [253] are being applied for tissue engineering applications [254] as the scaffold performance are being studied with human cells already [255]. The most immediate applications are within the field of micro-optics [243,256] and telecommunications [257,205].…”

Section: Current Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photopolymerization Mechanisms at a Spatio-temporally Ultra-confined Light

Skliutas¹,

Lebedevaite²,

Kabouraki³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Ultrafast laser 3D lithography based on non-linear light-matter interactions, widely known as multi-photon lithography (MPL), offers unrivaled precision rapid prototyping and flexible additive manufacturing options. 3D printing equipment based on MPL are already commercially available, yet there is still no comprehensive understanding of factors determining spatial resolution, accuracy, fabrication throughput, repeatability, and standardized metrology methods for the accurate characterization of the produced 3D objects and their functionalities. The photoexcitation mechanisms, spatial-control or photo-modified volumes, and the variety of processable materials are topics actively investigated. The complexity of the research field is underlined by limited understanding and fragmented knowledge of light-excitation and material response. Research to date has only provided case-specific findings on photoexcitation, chemical modification, and material characterization of the experimental data. In this review, we aim to provide a consistent and comprehensive summary of the existing literature on photopolymerization mechanisms under highly confined spatial and temporal conditions, where, besides the excitation and cross-linking, parameters such as diffusion, temperature accumulation, and the finite amount of monomer molecules start to become of critical importance. Key parameters such as, photoexcitation, polymerization kinetics, and the properties of the additively manufactured materials at the nanoscale in 3D are examined, whereas, the perspectives for future research and as well as emerging applications are outlined.

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Laser‐made 3D Auxetic Metamaterial Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Design and Characterization of Microscale Auxetic and Anisotropic Structures Fabricated by Multiphoton Lithography

Design and Characterization of Microscale Auxetic and Anisotropic Structures Fabricated by Multiphoton Lithography

On the application of additive manufacturing methods for auxetic structures: a review

Photopolymerization Mechanisms at a Spatio-temporally Ultra-confined Light

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