“…Over the past decade, laser irradiation has been employed in conjunction with diverse MO films and nanostructures. For instance, laser treatment was used to improve the gas-sensing and photocatalytic properties of nickel oxide. , Effect of the laser irradiation on ZnO and SnO 2 was also studied to enhance their electrical and optical properties and surface morphology for transparent electrodes, , field effect transistor, , and gas sensor applications. − Furthermore, interaction of the laser irradiation with TiO 2 was extensively explored but with attention importantly on the enhancement of its dye-sensitized solar cells and photocatalytic performance through optimization of basic parameters of the laser treatment method − even though TiO 2 has other outstanding properties. Indeed, it was identified to be the appropriate material in many fields, including water purification, photocatalysis, , UV and gas sensors, − dye-sensitized solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and in biomedical engineering because of its unique electrical, physical, chemical, and optical properties.…”