“…Accordingly, nanoscale materials sciences have been paid much attention. Nanoscale materials in various dimensions such as quantum dots [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], nanoparticles [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], nanocrystals [ 37 , 38 , 39 ], nanotubes [ 40 , 41 , 42 ], nanorods/nanowires [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], nanosheets [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], graphene [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], and other two-dimensional materials [ 52 , 53 , 54 ] have been extensively investigated. Similarly, materials with internal nanostructures including mesoporous materials [ 55 , 56 , 57 ], zeolites [ 58 , 59 , 60 ], metal–organic frameworks [ 61 , 62 , 63 ], other coordination polymers [ 64 , 65 , 66 ], and covalent organic frameworks [ 67 , 68 , 69 ] have been actively explored.…”