Laser welding of CP Ti to stainless steel with different temporal pulse shapes

Chen, Hui‐Chi; Bi, Guijun; Lee, Bing Yang; Cheng, Chia-Ming

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.12.016

Cited by 76 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Cu-based and Ag-based fillers were usually used to braze titanium/steel joints, while scattered brittle intermetallics, such as (Fe,Cu)Ti, Cu 4 Ti 3 , and CuTi [20,48] and Cu 4 Ti and CuTi 2 [7], were induced to the interfaces which were detrimental to the mechanical properties of the joints, and maximum possible tensile strength of the joints was found to be no more than 200 MPa [16][17][18][19][20]48]. Without the interlayer, sound joints are hard to be obtained by direct laser welding or electronbeam welding because of continuously distributed brittle TiFe intermetallics and high residual stress at the welding pool [21,25,[49][50][51][52]. Continuous wave laser was used to weld titanium and stainless steel, while Fe 0.2 Ni 4.8 Ti 5 , Cr 2 Ti, and NiTi phases were formed which resulted in extensive cracking at the interface [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Diffusion Bonding between Titanium Alloys and Stainless Steels

Song

Fang

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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High-quality joints between titanium alloys and stainless steels have found applications for nuclear, petrochemical, cryogenic, and aerospace industries due to their relatively low cost, lightweight, high corrosion resistance, and appreciable mechanical properties.is article reviews diffusion bonding between titanium alloys and stainless steels with or without interlayers. For diffusion bonding of a titanium alloy and a stainless steel without an interlayer, the optimized temperature is in the range of 800-950°C for a period of 60-120 min. Sound joint can be obtained, but brittle FeTi and Fe-Cr-Ti phases are formed at the interface. e development process of a joint mainly includes three steps: matching surface closure, growth of brittle intermetallic compounds, and formation of the Kirkendall voids. Growth kinetics of interfacial phases needs further clarification in terms of growth velocity of the reacting layer, moving speed of the phase interface, and the order for a new phase appears. e influence of Cu, Ni (or nickel alloy), and Ag interlayers on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the joints is systematically summarized. e content of FeTi and Fe-Cr-Ti phases at the interface can be declined significantly by the addition of an interlayer. Application of multi-interlayer well prevents the formation of intermetallic phases by forming solid solution at the interface, and parameters can be predicted by using a parabolic diffusion law. e selection of multi-interlayer was done based on two principles: no formation of brittle intermetallic phases and transitional physical properties between titanium alloy and stainless steel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Diffusion Bonding between Titanium Alloys and Stainless Steels

Song

Fang

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…According to the Fe-Ti phase diagram, the brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs), such as FeTi and Fe 2 Ti, are easy to form during the welding of titanium alloys and kovar alloys. Chen et al [4] showed that if CP Ti and 304 stainless steel were bonded by laser welding technology, 2 of 14 some brittle IMCs (Fe 2 Ti and FeTi) easily formed in the weld metal. Similarly, Gao et al [5] joined titanium and 17-4PH stainless steel by friction stir welding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Welding Speed on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam-Welded Joints of TC4 and 4J29 Sheets using Cu/Nb Multi-Interlayers

Wang

Fang

et al. 2018

Metals

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Dissimilar metal joining between titanium and kovar alloys was conducted using electron beam welding. Metallurgical bonding of titanium alloys and kovar alloys was achieved by using a Cu/Nb multi-interlayer. The effects of welding speed on weld appearance, microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were investigated. The microstructure of welded joints was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties of welded joints were investigated by tensile strength and micro-hardness tests. The results showed that welding speed had great effects on the weld appearance, microstructure, and mechanical properties of electron beam-welded joints. With an increase of welding speed, at the titanium alloy side, the amount of (Nb,Ti) solid solution was increased, while the formation of brittle FeTi was effectively suppressed. At the kovar alloy side, microstructure was mainly composed of soft Cu solid solution and some α-Fe + γ phases. In addition, higher welding speeds within a certain range was beneficial for eliminating the formation of cracks, and inhibiting the embrittlement of welded joints. Therefore, the tensile strength of welded joints was increased to about 120 MPa for a welding speed of 10 mm/s. Furthermore, the bonding mechanism of TC4/Nb/Cu/4J29 dissimilar welded joints had been investigated and detailed.

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“…Meanwhile, the same intermetallic compounds (IMC) from welding Fe and Ti achieved positive outcomes. A pure titanium and 304 stainless steel crack-free weld were achieved in an overlapped configuration with a small amount of these IMC and strengthening of the joint (Figure 13E) [37]. The overlapped joints developed dendritic microstructure in the middle of the FZ (zone 5), Fe 2 Ti brittle phase near the weld interface, and FeTi phases in the upper part of welds.…”

Section: Titaniummentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Z2 was first exposed to pulse I, and In all regimes, the optimisation of strategic factors enhances joint quality. Among these, the energy delivered to the materials is fundamental, and it depends on the input parameters as laser peak power, pulse time, spot diameter, welding speed, and pulses overlapping [21,25,37,38].…”

Section: Microstructural Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Laser Welding Applied to Metallic Materials—A Material Approach

Chludzinski

Santos

Churiaque

et al. 2021

Metals

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Joining metallic alloys can be an intricate task, being necessary to take into account the material characteristics and the application in order to select the appropriate welding process. Among the variety of welding methods, pulsed laser technology is being successfully used in the industrial sector due to its beneficial aspects, for which most of them are related to the energy involved. Since the laser beam is focused in a concentrated area, a narrow and precise weld bead is created, with a reduced heat affected zone. This characteristic stands out for thinner material applications. As a non-contact process, the technique delivers flexibility and precision with high joining quality. In this sense, the present review addresses the most representative investigations developed in this welding process. A summary of these technological achievements in metallic metals, including steel, titanium, aluminium, and superalloys, is reported. Special attention is paid to the microstructural formation in the weld zone. Particular emphasis is given to the mechanical behaviour of the joints reported in terms of microhardness and strength performance. The main purpose of this work was to provide an overview of the results obtained with pulsed laser welding technology in diverse materials, including similar and dissimilar joints. In addition, outlook and remarks are addressed regarding the process characteristics and the state of knowledge.

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Laser welding of CP Ti to stainless steel with different temporal pulse shapes

Cited by 76 publications

References 14 publications

A Review on Diffusion Bonding between Titanium Alloys and Stainless Steels

A Review on Diffusion Bonding between Titanium Alloys and Stainless Steels

Influence of Welding Speed on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam-Welded Joints of TC4 and 4J29 Sheets using Cu/Nb Multi-Interlayers

Pulsed Laser Welding Applied to Metallic Materials—A Material Approach

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