Lasiodiplodia species associated with dieback disease of mango (Mangifera indica) in Egypt

Ismail, Ahmed Mahmoud; Cirvilleri, G.; Polizzi, G.; Crous, Pedro W.; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Lombard, L.

doi:10.1007/s13313-012-0163-1

Cited by 120 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…When we found populations with high recently selection pressure, it could generate a linkage disequilibrium state, and the recombination could randomize the alleles in gametes, returning to the equilibrium (Hartl and Grant, 2007). As the sexual phase are uncommon and hardly occurs in Southeast and Northeast regions, we believe that the recombination would be unfeasible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Phylogeography and population structure analysis reveals diversity by mutations in Lasiodiplodia theobromae with distinct sources of selection

Santos¹,

Carvalho²,

Aguiar³

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a plant pathogen with a worldwide distribution, with low host specificity, causing stem cankers, dieback diseases, and fruit rot in several species of plants. In coconut, this pathogen is reported as the etiological agent of "coconut leaf blight" (CLB) disease, causing several losses in fruit production. The CLB is an important disease for this crop in Brazil. In our study, we used a phylogeographic approach through the molecular characterization of the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) to elucidate the pathogen distribution in Brazil and other countries, besides, search information about diversity sources of this pathogen in coconut palm tree at Brazilian northern, northeast, and southeast. We found that L. theobromae diversity is within populations (locations), and populations that are located closest to the center of the tropical zone have more variability as Central Africa, Brazilian Southeast, and Northeast. The widespread distribution could be in part related with long-distance dispersal via global trade of plants and plant products. The entrance route of L. theobromae in Brazil probably occurred from Africa route and not occurred once. In Brazil, the diversity of this pathogen in coconut tree could be linked to two agents of selection: high host diversity (in Northeast) and distinct management measures adopted in Southeast. These different sources of selection, mainly the mutations, could be one of the reasons that we found distinct reactions to "coconut leaf blight" chemical control in these regions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Fungal isolation was done as described by Ismail et al (2012). We obtained the pure cultures by hyphal tip excision from the colony margins on PDA and subsequent incubation at 25°C in the dark.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography and population structure analysis reveals diversity by mutations in Lasiodiplodia theobromae with distinct sources of selection

Santos¹,

Carvalho²,

Aguiar³

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Infection of fruits by diplodia often leads to soft brown rot shortly before or after harvest (19,20), while infection of trees causes distension and disruption of cell walls and thus weakens the strength of the wood (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic Citrus sinensis Fruit by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia natalensis) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus

Zhao

Bai

McCollum

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Huanglongbing (HLB), presumably caused by the bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus," is a devastating citrus disease associated with excessive preharvest fruit drop. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (diplodia) is the causal organism of citrus stem end rot (SER). The pathogen infects citrus fruit under the calyx abscission zone (AZ-C) and is associated with cell wall hydrolytic enzymes similar to plant enzymes involved in abscission. By means of DNA sequencing, diplodia was found in "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus"-positive juice from HLB-symptomatic fruit (S) but not in "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus"-negative juice. Therefore, the incidence of diplodia in fruit tissues, the impact on HLB-related postharvest decay, and the implications for HLB-related preharvest fruit drop were investigated in Hamlin and Valencia oranges. Quantitative PCR results (qPCR) revealed a significantly (P < 0.001) greater incidence of diplodia in the AZ-C of HLB-symptomatic (S; "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" threshold cycle [C T ] of <30) than in the AZ-C of in asymptomatic (AS; "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" C T of >30) fruit. In agreement with the qPCR results, 2 weeks after exposure to ethylene, the incidences of SER in S fruit were 66.7% (Hamlin) and 58.7% (Valencia), whereas for AS fruit the decay rates were 6.7% (Hamlin) and 5.3% (Valencia). Diplodia colonization of S fruit AZ-C was observed by scanning electron microscopy and confirmed by PCR test and morphology of conidia in isolates from the AZ-C after surface sterilization. Diplodia C T values were negatively correlated with ethylene production (R ‫؍‬ ؊0.838 for Hamlin; R ‫؍‬ ؊0.858 for Valencia) in S fruit, and positively correlated with fruit detachment force (R ‫؍‬ 0.855 for Hamlin; R ‫؍‬ 0.850 for Valencia), suggesting that diplodia colonization in AZ-C may exacerbate HLB-associated preharvest fruit drop. C itrus huanglongbing (HLB; also known as citrus greening) is one of the most devastating diseases of citrus and has spread throughout the major citrus-producing regions in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, causing great losses for the citrus industry worldwide (1). HLB is associated with "Candidatus Liberibacter" spp., which are Gram-negative, phloem-limited bacteria (2, 3). The Asian form of HLB is currently present in the United States, and the causal pathogen, bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus," was first confirmed in Southeast Florida in 2005 (1) and now is prevalent in all Florida citrus-growing areas in the state. HLB disease causes substantial economic loss by debilitating the productive capacity and shortening the life span of infected trees, promoting fruit drop and reducing fruit quality (4). Yield reduction can reach 30 to 100%, depending on the proportion of the canopy affected and the age of the trees during inoculation (1, 5).HLB-diseased citrus plants develop a multitude of symptoms. Leaf symptoms include chlorosis, which commonly appears in an asymmetric pattern referred to as "blotchy mottle" (4). Chlorosis may typically appear on a single branch and subse...

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“…yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dapat menghasilkan gejala mati pucuk pada kegiatan uji postulat Koch (Aisah et al, 2015). Penyiapan sumber inokulum dan teknik inokulasi dilakukan berdasarkan metode Ismail et al (2012) dengan modifikasi pada lama waktu dan tempat inkubasi tanaman, yaitu selama tujuh hari inkubasi di rumah paranet. Sumber inokulum diperoleh dengan cara memotong bagian ujung koloni isolat cendawan umur tujuh hari dengan cork borer (Ø 7 mm).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…merupakan cendawan di daerah tropis dan subtropis yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai jenis penyakit pada tanaman. Cendawan L. theobromae merupakan anggota dari Botryosphaeriaceae, dikenal sebagai patogen dengan lebih dari lima ratus inang dan (Abdollahzadeh, Javadi, Goltapeh, Zare, & Phillips, 2010;Ismail et al, 2012). Cendawan Botryodiplodia sp.…”

Section: B Pembahasan 1 Uji Patogenisitas Isolatunclassified

PATOGENISITAS ISOLAT Botryodiplodia spp. TERHADAP BIBIT JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq)

Aisah

Soekarno

Achmad

2017

Jur.pen.hut.tanaman

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Botryodiplodia spp. potentially cause dieback disease on jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq) seedlings. Five isolates of Botryodiplodia spp were inoculated on jabon seedling to find out its virulence levels, mechanism of pathogen attack and mechanism of host plant defense. The virulence levels was estimated by disease severity of host plants; the pathogen attack mechanism was done by measuring pectinase and cellulase enzyme activities; whereas host plant defense mechanism was determined by measuring peroxidase enzyme activity. The virulent isolates caused disease severity > 50%. Botryodiplodia sp1, Botryodiplodia sp2, and Botryodiplodia sp3 showed pectinase activities of 21.31; 18.13; 26.08 U/ml, and cellulase 0.014; 0.015; 0.023 U/ml, respectively. The peroxidase activity of host plants after pathogen inoculated was ranging from 0.0006 to 0.0012 UAE/g. Based on this research, three Botryodiplodia spp. isolates were virulent on jabon seedlings and involved enzymatic strength as attack mechanism, whereas the host plant defense mechanism involved peroxidase activity.Key words: Dieback, host defense, pathogen attack ABSTRAK Isolat Botryodiplodia spp. berpotensi menyebabkan penyakit mati pucuk pada bibit jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq). Lima isolat Botryodiplodia spp. diinokulasikan terhadap bibit jabon untuk menentukan tingkat virulensi isolat, mengetahui mekanisme infeksi patogen dan mekanisme pertahanan tanaman inang. Tingkat virulensi isolat ditentukan melalui nilai keparahan penyakit pada tanaman inang; mekanisme infeksi patogen dilakukan melalui pengukuran aktivitas enzim pektinase dan selulase; sedangkan mekanisme pertahanan tanaman inang dilakukan melalui pengukuran aktivitas enzim peroksidase. Isolat Botryodiplodia spp. yang virulen menghasilkan keparahan penyakit > 50%. Isolat-isolat tersebut adalah Botryodiplodia sp. 1, Botryodiplodia sp. 2, dan Botryodiplodia sp. 3 yang secara berturut-turut menunjukkan aktivitas pektinase sebesar 21,31; 18,13; 26,08 U/ml, dan aktivitas selulase sebesar 0,014; 0,015; 0,023 U/ml. Adapun aktivitas peroksidase tanaman inang setelah diinokulasi patogen, yaitu berkisar 0,0006-0,0012 UAE/g. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, tiga isolat Botryodiplodia spp. bersifat virulen terhadap bibit jabon dan melibatkan kekuatan enzim sebagai mekanisme infeksi, sedangkan mekanisme pertahanan inang melibatkan aktivitas peroksidase.Kata kunci: Infeksi patogen, mati pucuk, pertahanan inang

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Lasiodiplodia species associated with dieback disease of mango (Mangifera indica) in Egypt

Cited by 120 publications

References 46 publications

Phylogeography and population structure analysis reveals diversity by mutations in Lasiodiplodia theobromae with distinct sources of selection

Phylogeography and population structure analysis reveals diversity by mutations in Lasiodiplodia theobromae with distinct sources of selection

High Incidence of Preharvest Colonization of Huanglongbing-Symptomatic Citrus sinensis Fruit by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia natalensis) and Exacerbation of Postharvest Fruit Decay by That Fungus

PATOGENISITAS ISOLAT Botryodiplodia spp. TERHADAP BIBIT JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq)

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