Lasiopodomys fuscus as an important intermediate host for Echinococcus multilocularis: isolation and phylogenetic identification of the parasite

Cai, Qiliang; Han, Xiumin; Yang, Yonghai; Zhang, Xueyong; Ma, Liang; Karanis, Panagiotis; Hu, Yonghao

doi:10.1186/s40249-018-0409-4

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, feral dogs are less common in non-Tibetan societies, probably because of different cultural backgrounds [ 33 ]. Canines are the ultimate hosts of Echinococcus , and their faeces contain Echinococcus eggs and can contaminate the environment and water sources, as does animal hair [ 34 ]. A survey of domestic dogs in an epidemic area showed the presence of positive Echinococcus antigens in 4.25% of dog feces [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal drivers of human echinococcosis in China

et al. 2022

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Background Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and economic development. In China, 370 counties are endemic for echinococcosis. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has the most patients and people at risk. Therefore, analyzing the societal factors related to susceptibility to the disease is critical for efficient prevention and control of echinococcosis. Methods The demographic characteristics and lifestyle of echinococcosis cases were clustered using K-means cluster analysis to determine the main factors of risk of echinococcosis. Results Middle-aged and young people as well as those with a low education level and herdsmen are at risk of contracting echinococcosis. Nomadism, domestic and feral dogs in the surrounding environment, and drinking heavily polluted natural surface water are the main behavioral risk factors. The cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) cluster analysis focused on female, middle-aged, and young people, winter settlement and summer nomadism, and domestic and feral dogs in the surrounding environment. There were significant differences in lifestyle between Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cases and non-Qinghai-Tibet-Plateau cases. Conclusion According to the distribution of cases and CE and AE, this study identified the factors of risk of echinococcosis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and non-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Adapted control techniques appropriate for the various epidemic areas should be established to serve as a reference for echinococcosis prevention. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal drivers of human echinococcosis in China

et al. 2022

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“…The concatenated sequence of the E. multilocularis cox 1 and nad 1 genes (GenBank accession no. AB385610 and AB668376, respectively) was considered as an outgroup [ 6 , 10 , 18 ]. In addition, the cox 1- nad 1 sequence of E. shiquicus (AB208064 or NC_009460) was chosen as a reference sequence while sequences from Fan et al [ 18 ] were included in our analysis to provide better insight into the genetic diversity of E. shiquicus in the plateau region as this study is the sole study to date to have investigated the genetic diversity of E. shiquicus using longer mitochondrial DNA sequences (2505 bp).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AB385610 and AB668376, respectively) was considered as an outgroup [ 6 , 10 , 18 ]. In addition, the cox 1- nad 1 sequence of E. shiquicus (AB208064 or NC_009460) was chosen as a reference sequence while sequences from Fan et al [ 18 ] were included in our analysis to provide better insight into the genetic diversity of E. shiquicus in the plateau region as this study is the sole study to date to have investigated the genetic diversity of E. shiquicus using longer mitochondrial DNA sequences (2505 bp). The genetic diversities and distances of the concatenated sequences of E. shiquicus were inferred by the haplotype network of TCS 1.21 and MegAlign software [ 19 , 20 ], respectively, while the number of haplotypes, population diversity and neutrality indices were calculated using DnaSP 5.10 software [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report on the phylogenetic relationship, genetic variation of Echinococcus shiquicus isolates in Tibet Autonomous Region, China

Zhu

Yan

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

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Background Cystic or alveolar echinococcosis caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus spp. is a very severe zoonotic helminth infection. Echinococcus shiquicus is a newly discovered species that has only been reported in the Qinghai and Sichuan provinces of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China where, to date, it has only been confirmed in Tibetan foxes and wild small mammal populations of the Tibetan plateau. Information on its genetic and evolutionary diversity is scanty. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of E. shiquicus in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae), a known intermediate host, and to determine the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship of the E. shiquicus population in the Tibet region of China based on mitochondrial DNA. Methods Echinococcus shiquicus samples were collected from Damxung and Nyêmo counties (located in Tibet Autonomous Region, China). The mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 gene sequences were analyzed, and the genetic diversity and epidemiology of E. shiquicus in the region were discussed based on the results. Results The prevalence of E. shiquicus in pikas in Damxung and Nyêmo counties was 3.95% (6/152) and 6.98% (9/129), respectively. In combination with previous public sequence data, the haplotype analysis revealed 12 haplotypes (H) characterized by two distinct clusters (I and II), and a sequence distance of 99.1–99.9% from the reference haplotype (H1). The diversity and neutrality indices for the entire E. shiquicus populations were: haplotype diversity (Hd) ± standard deviation (SD) 0.862 ± 0.035; nucleotide diversity (Hd ± SD) 0.0056 ± 0.0003; Tajima's D 0.876 (P > 0.05); and Fu’s F 6.000 (P > 0.05). Conclusions This was the first analysis of the newly discovered E. shiquicus in plateau pikas in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. The neutrality indices suggest a deficiency of alleles, indicative of a recent population bottleneck.

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“…In addition to strengthening the control of infection at source levels and health education measures, it is important to increase the surveillance of small rodents and lagomorphs (alternative intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis), strictly control the number of stray dogs, and strengthen the screening of AE patients in these townships [24]. In China, the primary definitive host for both E. granulosus and E. multilocularis is dog [21,22]. Therefore, monitoring the number of dogs and regular deworming of infected dogs is an important prevention and control approach [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution and prevalence of human echinococcosis at the township level in the Tibet Autonomous Region

Wang

Quzhen²,

Qin

et al. 2022

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background Echinococcosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease, is caused by larval stages of cestodes in the Echinococcus genus. Echinococcosis is highly prevalent in ten provinces/autonomous regions of western and northern China. In 2016, an epidemiological survey of Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) revealed that the prevalence of human echinococcosis was 1.66%, which was much higher than the average prevalence in China (0.24%). Therefore, to improve on the current prevention and control measures, it is important to understand the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis at the township level in TAR. Methods Data for echinococcosis cases in 2018 were obtained from the annual report system of echinococcosis of Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Diagnosis had been performed via B-ultrasonography. The epidemic status of echinococcosis in all townships in TAR was classified according to the relevant standards of population prevalence indices as defined in the national technical plan for echinococcosis control. Spatial scan statistics were performed to establish the geographical townships that were most at risk of echinococcosis. Results In 2018, a total of 16,009 echinococcosis cases, whose prevalence was 0.53%, were recorded in 74 endemic counties in TAR. Based on the order of the epidemic degree, all the 692 townships were classified from high to low degrees. Among them, 127 townships had prevalence rates ≥ 1%. The high prevalence of human echinococcosis in TAR, which is associated with a wide geographic distribution, is a medical concern. Approximately 94.65% of the villages and towns reported echinococcosis cases. According to spatial distribution analysis, the prevalence of human echinococcosis was found to be clustered, with the specific clustering areas being identified. The cystic echinococcosis primary cluster covered 88 townships, while that of alveolar echinococcosis’s covered 38 townships. Conclusions This study shows spatial distributions of echinococcosis with different epidemic degrees in 692 townships of TAR and high-risk cluster areas at the township level. Our findings indicate that strengthening the echinococcosis prevention and control strategies in TAR should directed at townships with a high prevalence and high-risk clustering areas. Graphical Abstract

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Lasiopodomys fuscus as an important intermediate host for Echinococcus multilocularis: isolation and phylogenetic identification of the parasite

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Societal drivers of human echinococcosis in China

Societal drivers of human echinococcosis in China

First report on the phylogenetic relationship, genetic variation of Echinococcus shiquicus isolates in Tibet Autonomous Region, China

Geographic distribution and prevalence of human echinococcosis at the township level in the Tibet Autonomous Region

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