Late Aptian (Early Cretaceous) dry–wet cycles and their effects on vegetation in the South Atlantic: Palynological evidence

Carvalho, Marcelo de Araújo; Bengtson, Peter; Lana, Cecı́lia Cunha; Sá, Natália de Paula; Santiago, Gustavo; Giannerini, Michele Cardoso da Silva

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.03.021

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The Cretaceous was one of the warmest periods of the Phanerozoic and included several greenhouse episodes. The Early Cretaceous Aptian Age (121.4–113.2 Ma) 1 was characterized by major global changes in climate, physiography, sea level, ocean circulation, and anoxic events 2 – 7 . Although the late Aptian represents a geologically short time span, the climatic evolution recorded in most Cretaceous sedimentary basins of Brazil can be divided into three phases: pre-evaporitic, evaporitic, and post-evaporitic.…”

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Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on early cretaceous plant distribution in the South Atlantic

Carvalho

Lana

Sá

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The influence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the emerging South Atlantic region during the late Aptian (Early Cretaceous) is reflected in the spatio-temporal distribution of plant communities recorded in eight Brazilian sedimentary basins. The distribution of the bioclimatic groups of hygrophytes, hydrophytes, tropical lowland flora, upland flora, and xerophytes was quantified using pollen and spores. A predominance of xerophytes from the tropical xerophytic shrubland biome characterized the pre-evaporitic, evaporitic, and post-evaporitic paleoclimatic phases, in particular the evaporitic phase. The region experienced humidity events in the pre-evaporitic and post- evaporitic phases, especially near the paleoequator, where the tropical rainforest biome with two phytophysiognomies (lowland and montane rainforests) prevailed. Increasing humidity had a positive effect on plant diversity.

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Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on early cretaceous plant distribution in the South Atlantic

Carvalho

Lana

Sá

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Through this period, northeastern Gondwana (including Egypt) was characterised by seasonality in rainfall, with wet humid summers and dry winters because of the latitudinal shift of the ITCZ (Chaboureau et al, 2012;Carvalho et al, 2019). The significant increase in pteridophyte spores in the upper Aptian support the location of the ITCZ over northeastern Gondwana during this period (Carvalho et al, 2017(Carvalho et al, , 2019. In Tunisia, Godet et al (2014) interpreted arid conditions near the early late .…”

Section: Classopollismentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Furthermore, the high occurrences of pteridophyte spores (3,164-20,493, avg. (ITCZ)over Northern Gondwana (e.g., Parrish et al, 1982;Föllmi, 2012;Carvalho et al, 2019). Therefore, high abundances of the humidity indicators pteridophyte spores suggest that the ITCZ was positioned over northeastern Gondwana (i.e.…”

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“…Thus, the suggested arid conditions near the early late Aptian boundary probably correspond to a latitudinal shift in ITCZ and the development of dry summers. Recent intracontinental data from the western part of Northern Gondwana (NE Brazil), also suggested the development of a late Aptian humid climate in that region due to the movement of the ITCZ and the late Aptian relative sea level rise(Carvalho et al, 2017(Carvalho et al, , 2019. This interpretation was alsobased on an decreasing trend in xerophytic taxa during the late Aptian, expressed by a progressive replacement of the xerophytic flora (Classopollis and Equisetosporites) by humidity loving highland gymnosperm pollen grains (Araucariacites) and lowland pteridophyte spores (e.g., Cicatricosisporites and Cyathidites).…”

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Cretaceous (Hauterivian–Cenomanian) palaeoceanographic conditions in southeastern Tethys (Matruh Basin, Egypt): Implications for the Cretaceous climate of northeastern Gondwana

Deaf

Harding

Marshall

2020

Cretaceous Research

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Quantitative palynological, sedimentological, and geophysical data analyses of the Cretaceous Abu Tunis 1X well from the Matruh Basin, northwestern Egypt indicate deposition of four major alternating regressive-transgressive successions. Sedimentation was largely affected by the Tethyan 2nd order sea level changes, with minor overprints by regional tectonics. The Lower Cretaceous part of the succession shows regressive sequences of deltafront to delta-top (upper Hauterivian-lowermost upper Barremian), delta channel (upper Aptian-middle Albian), and distal deltaic (upper Albian) settings that were interrupted by transgressive inner-proximal middle shelf deposits (uppermost Barremian-middle Aptian). These sediment packages correspond to Tethyan sea level fall from the late Hauterivian to late Barremian, and to the early-middle Aptian long-term sea level high stand. The Tethyan late Aptian-middle Albian long-term (2nd order) sea level rise was masked by regional late Aptian-Albian uplift, which affected deposition of the later regressive sequence. The Cenomanian shows a change in depositional setting from a proximal inner shelf (lower Cenomanian) to a middle shelf setting (middle-upper Cenomanian), corresponding to the Tethyan long-term latest early-late Cenomanian sea level rise. We demonstrate that northeastern Gondwana (Egypt) experienced different climatic conditions from other parts of the Northern Gondwana Phytogeographic Province. The climate in Egypt shifted from less warm and more humid conditions of the Hauterivian-early Barremian to a warmer and drier climate during the late Barremian-middle Aptian, although never becoming as dry as western Northern Gondwana. Warmer and more humid conditions were reestablished during the late Aptian and became even more accentuated during the Albian-Cenomanian, in contrast to the warm and much drier climate of Northern Gondwana at that time. Turonian climatic conditions may have been less humid as a result of the breakup of the 2 Western Gondwanan supercontinent and the northeasterly drift of the African continent. The climatic conditions experienced in northeastern Gondwana developed through the early-mid Cretaceous as a result of changes in palaeolatitudinal position, variations in sea level, and shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which drove fluctuations between periods of warm humid and warm dry conditions.

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“…The Classopollis pollen dominates until the top of the Romualdo Formation, where Araucariacites increases in abundance to up to 33% (see Heimhofer & Hochuli, 2010). The replacement of Classopollis by Araucariacites was also recognized in the Sergipe Basin, and reflects a drastic climate change (de Carvalho et al ., 2017, 2019). Such a change from arid to humid conditions indicates an increase in moisture following the Intertropical Convergence Zone displacement coinciding with the Aptian opening of the Atlantic–Tethyan seaway (de Carvalho et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentation in an evolving epicontinental sea: Aptian record of marginal marine settings in the interior basins of north‐eastern Brazil

et al. 2021

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The Aptian evaporitic transitional sequence (sag phase) of the Brazilian marginal basins records the first connection between the Central and South Atlantic oceans in the equatorial area. During this phase, lacustrine carbonate reservoirs and giant salt deposits developed in the southern basins of Santos and Campos, forming world-class petroleum reservoirs. The sag succession is also well-preserved in the interior rift basins of north-eastern Brazil, where upper Aptian strata are represented by a continuous section. This contribution presents an interpretation of the evolution of a third-order depositional sequence comprising lacustrine limestones, marine siliciclastic facies and evaporite deposits of the intracontinental Araripe Basin. The Lowstand Systems Tract is characterized by fluvial deposits filling accommodation generated during the syn-rift phase. The overlying deposits comprise marine facies with preservation of dinoflagellates and marine ichnotaxa, evidencing marine deposition in bayhead delta settings. The transgressive surface is represented by limestones, including the Konservat-Lagerst€ atte laminites, onlapping the basement rocks. Above, tide-dominated bay deposits with distinct subtidal, intertidal and supratidal portions are recorded. The Maximum Flooding Surface is a dark shale below foreshore to shoreface facies, marking the beginning of the Highstand Systems Tract, culminating with deposition of evaporites (gypsum and anhydrite). The stratigraphic architecture and palaeocurrents measured in different facies associations suggest that marine waters reached the basin from the south. The data unequivocally records late Aptian marine ingressions of an incipient South Atlantic Ocean over the interior basins of north-eastern Brazil, while lacustrine conditions were still prevailing in the Pre-Salt sag units of the Santos and Campos basins.

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Late Aptian (Early Cretaceous) dry–wet cycles and their effects on vegetation in the South Atlantic: Palynological evidence

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on early cretaceous plant distribution in the South Atlantic

Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on early cretaceous plant distribution in the South Atlantic

Cretaceous (Hauterivian–Cenomanian) palaeoceanographic conditions in southeastern Tethys (Matruh Basin, Egypt): Implications for the Cretaceous climate of northeastern Gondwana

Mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentation in an evolving epicontinental sea: Aptian record of marginal marine settings in the interior basins of north‐eastern Brazil

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