Late Little Ice Age palaeoenvironmental records from the Anzali and Amirkola Lagoons (south Caspian Sea): Vegetation and sea level changes

Leroy, Suzanne A G; Lahijani, Hamid; Djamali, Morteza; Naqinezhad, Alireza; Moghadam, Mohamad; Arpe, Klaus; Shah-Hosseini, Majid; Hosseindoust, M.; Miller, Ch. S; Tavakoli, Vahid; Habibi, P.; Beni, Abdolmajid Naderi

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.02.002

Cited by 91 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Most of the conventional records for the LIA were obtained from the northern Hemisphere, especially from Europe and North America [3][4][5]. The findings in this study corroborate several studies in Brazil [11][12][13]47] and some parts of South America [7,49], portraying the cooling and decrease in precipitation during the LIA, which showed a climatically anomalous period between 1550 and 1850.…”

Section: Consideration Of the Lia In South Americasupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Thus, nutrient supply and temperature are obvious limiting factors for aquatic macrophytes in the river. Higher nutrient supply, on the other hand, is often associated with higher precipitation via run-off into the river [4,14,23,28]. Thereby, the sum of mid chain n-alkanes (C 21 +C 23 +C 25 ) from aquatic plants could be associated with temperature and precipitation.…”

Section: Environmental Significance Of N-alkane Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The period is divided into two phases; the first was around 1300 until the late 1400s and the second warmer period was in in the 1500s [2]. The period between 1600 and 1850 marks its height and was characterized by changes in the hydrological cycle and perturbation of the ecosystem [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only certainty is that it was a global event. Most studies have focused on the northern hemisphere [3][4][5], and there are few studies demonstrating the occurrence of the event in the southern hemisphere. For instance, in South America [6,7], advance in glaciers in the Andes was demonstrated [8], as well as aridity in the lowlands of Argentina [9] and Venezuela [8], and there is evidence from mountain glaciers suggesting increasing glaciation in Patagonia [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different distribution patterns of n-alkanes in sediments provides information about different climatic environments and hence is widely used to understand the evolution of vegetation and reconstruct environmental changes [14,15]. The magnitude of the anthropogenic impact on the climate and the environment was recently measured from biomarker distributions [4,14]. Yet, some biomarkers can be more specific in their information than n-alkanes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Little Ice Age on Climate and Vegetation Recorded by n-Alkanes and Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Proxies

Machado¹,

Froehnerb²

2015

J Earth Sci Clim Change

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Keywords: Climatic changes; Little ice age; n-Alkane distributions; GDGT proxies IntroductionThe period which was subjected to much colder winters followed by warmer periods is known as the little ice age (LIA). It documented as being between about 1300 and 1870 (Mann, 2002). However, climate change could vary geographically [1]. The period is divided into two phases; the first was around 1300 until the late 1400s and the second warmer period was in in the 1500s [2]. The period between 1600 and 1850 marks its height and was characterized by changes in the hydrological cycle and perturbation of the ecosystem [2-4].Even although there much evidence for the LIA, the causes and mechanism are still under debate. The only certainty is that it was a global event. Most studies have focused on the northern hemisphere [3][4][5], and there are few studies demonstrating the occurrence of the event in the southern hemisphere. For instance, in South America [6,7], advance in glaciers in the Andes was demonstrated [8], as well as aridity in the lowlands of Argentina [9] and Venezuela [8], and there is evidence from mountain glaciers suggesting increasing glaciation in Patagonia [10]. In Brazil, some studies have demonstrated change in vegetation composition during the LIA and sea level regression in northeastern and southeastern Brazil [11][12][13].At present, paleoclimate can be reconstructed due the widespread occurrence of biomarkers multi-proxy data derived from them. The spatial and temporal character of such putative climate epochs revived the discussion and understanding of and mechanism for the LIA, as well as of the implications for climate change in the future.Typically, n-alkanes are derived from different sources (algae, photosynthetic bacteria and higher plants [14]. Different distribution patterns of n-alkanes in sediments provides information about different climatic environments and hence is widely used to understand the evolution of vegetation and reconstruct environmental changes [14,15]. The magnitude of the anthropogenic impact on the climate and the environment was recently measured from biomarker distributions [4,14]. Yet, some biomarkers can be more specific in their information than n-alkanes. For example, increasing attention has been driven to glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) compounds, polar basic constituents of the cell membrane and comprising a polar head group bonded to a non-polar hydrocarbon [16]. The structures of GDGTs are temperature dependent. When temperature increases, cyclopentane moieties are formed within the isoprenoid chain [17]. With more cyclopentane rings, the membrane is kept in a liquid crystalline state and, as a consequence, proton permeation is reduced.According to Weijers et al. [18] there are some environmental controls on the distributions of GDGTs, so two indices were proposed for quantifying the degree of methylation (MBT) and cyclization (CBT), both being effective in palaeoenvironmental studies to reconstruct mean annual air temperature (MAAT). Since branche...

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Section: Consideration Of the Lia In South Americasupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Environmental Significance Of N-alkane Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Little Ice Age on Climate and Vegetation Recorded by n-Alkanes and Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Proxies

Machado¹,

Froehnerb²

2015

J Earth Sci Clim Change

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Precipitation and temperature of the southwest Caspian Sea region during the last 55 years: their trends and teleconnections with large‐scale atmospheric phenomena

Molavi-Arabshahi

Arpe

Leroy

2015

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Climate data from the southwest coast of the Caspian Sea (CS) were statistically analysed to find connections with large-scale atmospheric variabilities and regional impacts. The study area is characterized by a subtropical humid climate. This enclave of high precipitation is extremely important for Iranian food production and is recognized for its high biodiversity.The data sets were investigated for inconsistencies before carrying out the main investigations, and several problems have been identified. The results show three distinct climatic periods in the temperature time series since 1956: 1956 to 1975 with values near to the overall mean, 1977 to 1995 with values lower by 0.5 ∘ C and from 1996 to 2010 with values higher by 0.5 ∘ C. These periods can be positively correlated with rapid sea level changes of the CS. Moreover, an agreement exists between the three climatic periods and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability. The sea surface temperature of the southern CS is shown to be the driving force of the 2 m temperatures in the study area. While temperature changes are in accordance with NAO variability, the precipitation variations show connections with ENSO and less with NAO. The trends of precipitation during the period are diverse but display mostly a weak decrease, while the trends of temperature display a clear increase, larger than that for global mean temperatures, overlaid with inter-decadal variations.

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20,000 years of societal vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in southwest Asia

et al. 2019

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The Fertile Crescent, its hilly flanks and surrounding drylands has been a critical region for studying how climate has influenced societal change, and this review focuses on the region over the last 20,000 years. The complex social, economic, and environmental landscapes in the region today are not new phenomena and understanding their interactions requires a nuanced, multidisciplinary understanding of the past. This review builds on a history of collaboration between the social and natural palaeoscience disciplines. We provide a multidisciplinary, multiscalar perspective on the relevance of past climate, environmental, and archaeological research in assessing present day vulnerabilities and risks for the populations of southwest Asia. We discuss the complexity of palaeoclimatic data interpretation, particularly in relation to hydrology, and provide an overview of key time periods of palaeoclimatic interest. We discuss the critical role that vegetation plays in the human–climate–environment nexus and discuss the implications of the available palaeoclimate and archaeological data, and their interpretation, for palaeonarratives of the region, both climatically and socially. We also provide an overview of how modelling can improve our understanding of past climate impacts and associated change in risk to societies. We conclude by looking to future work, and identify themes of “scale” and “seasonality” as still requiring further focus. We suggest that by appreciating a given locale's place in the regional hydroscape, be it an archaeological site or palaeoenvironmental archive, more robust links to climate can be made where appropriate and interpretations drawn will demand the resolution of factors acting across multiple scales. This article is categorized under: Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems

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Late Little Ice Age palaeoenvironmental records from the Anzali and Amirkola Lagoons (south Caspian Sea): Vegetation and sea level changes

Cited by 91 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of the Little Ice Age on Climate and Vegetation Recorded by n-Alkanes and Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Proxies

Effect of the Little Ice Age on Climate and Vegetation Recorded by n-Alkanes and Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Proxies

Precipitation and temperature of the southwest Caspian Sea region during the last 55 years: their trends and teleconnections with large‐scale atmospheric phenomena

20,000 years of societal vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in southwest Asia

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