Late Neutrophil Priming Following a Single Session of High-intensity Interval Exercise

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of an acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) session on the function of human neutrophils. Twelve sedentary men performed a HIIE session (8 bouts of 60 s at 90% of peak power, intercalated with 75 s of active recovery at 30 W). Neutrophils were collected before, 30 min and 24 h after the exercise session for the evaluation of phagocytic capacity, expression of phagocytic receptors, reactive oxygen species generation, and redox status. 24 h after the HIIE session, an increase was observed in both neutrophil phagocytic capacity and yeast-induced generation of reactive oxygen species, which indicates neutrophil priming in response to an acute HIIE session. Neutrophils also presented an increase in superoxide dismutase activity 24 h after the exercise. Improvement in neutrophil function was accompanied by increased serum levels of IL-8 and increased concentration of plasma lactate dehydrogenase. Our findings show a late activating effect of one HIIE session on neutrophils. We propose that priming of neutrophils by HIIE may play a role in skeletal muscle inflammation after exercise.

Metabolomics of Endurance Capacity in World Tour Professional Cyclists

“…While these matrices possess unique advantages in their own right, such as the ability to measure freely circulating metabolites between tissues as is the case with plasma, they disregard the metabolism of circulating blood cells by nature of their collection methods. As appreciation is growing with respect to blood cell adaptations to exercise (Bizjak et al, 2019;de Oliveira Ottone et al, 2019;Estruel-Amades et al, 2019;Shi et al, 2019;Uchida et al, 2019), whole blood analysis enables a more complete representation of physiology. Furthermore, this sample collection is less labor intensive than serum or plasma isolation.…”

Acute and Chronic Effects of Interval Training on the Immune System: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

“…Whereas neutrophil count increases after an IT session, neutrophil function is transiently reduced in response to in-vitro stimulation [24,25] (Table 1). This functional impairment may be partially explained by the increased release of functionally immature neutrophil from bone marrow or by direct mechanisms such as stress hormones and oxidative stress [24].…”

“…One study found mobilization of low differentiated T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) immediately after HIIT, in parallel with apoptosis of high differentiated T cells three hours after exercise [49]. Two studies verified transitory reduced neutrophil function after SIT [24] and HIIT [25] performance (lasting up to 30 min) in response to in-vitro stimulation (Table 1).…”

“…The intensity of HIIT protocols was prescribed and controlled based on percentage of maximal velocity achieved during incremental test (Vmax) [ [41,66] or reserve heart rate HR reserve [42], and percentage of peak power [25,26,44,51,58] or maximum anaerobic power [27]. Eleven studies prescribed SIT protocol using "all out" efforts [22][23][24]44,45,47,48,[52][53][54]63].…”

“…Previous studies suggest that IT might induce changes in immune function for a few hours after exercise cessation [22][23][24][25][26]. There is evidence of both positive [27,28] and negative [29,30] functional adaptation of the immune system in response to repeated IT sessions such as improvements on immune defense and reduced immune cell count or death.…”