Late pregnancy reversal from excessive gestational weight gain lowers risk of childhood overweight-A cohort study

Kries, Rüdiger von; Chmitorz, Andrea; Rasmussen, Kathleen M.; Bayer, Otmar; Ensenauer, Regina

doi:10.1002/oby.20197

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The present analysis differs in two ways from previous studies published by our group [ 17 , 20 ]. 1) Here, we used continuous instead of dichotomized explanatory (kg/week instead of excessive weight gain) and outcome (BMI z-score and waist circumference instead of overweight) variables.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Effects of trimester-specific and total gestational weight gain on children’s anthropometrics

Bayer

Ensenauer

Nehring

et al. 2014

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundGestational weight gain (GWG) has been shown to be a risk factor for overweight in offspring.Aim of this study was to quantify the contributions of trimester-specific and total GWG on offspring’s BMI and waist circumference (WC). This is of interest for the design of interventions targeted at women showing a high GWG in early pregnancy.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study data on GWG (total and by trimester, exposure), a number of potential confounders, and children’s BMI z-scores and WC (outcomes) were analyzed using structural equation models to disentangle the trimester-specific direct effects of GWG and indirect effects mediated via total GWG.Results7313 mother child pairs with a children’s mean age of 5.81 years were analyzed. Total effects (indirect + direct) of GWG (kg/week) on children’s BMI z-score and WC (cm) were observed in all trimesters, most prominently in the second. The longitudinal effect of GWG is a composite of trimester-specific direct effects (on BMI: 0.105, 0.255, 0.002, on WC: 0.538, 1.64, 0.308) and total GWG (on BMI 0.608, on WC: 1.03) at the end of pregnancy.ConclusionsBoth trimester-specific priming and total GWG explained offspring’s anthropometrics. The results indicate, that reversal from additional weight gain attained early in pregnancy resulting in normal total GWG at the end of pregnancy might still contribute to a substantial reduction of offspring’s BMI and WC.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Effects of trimester-specific and total gestational weight gain on children’s anthropometrics

Bayer

Ensenauer

Nehring

et al. 2014

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…However, the reporting of weight occurred shortly after the patient was weighed at a pre‐natal visit or delivery, perhaps reducing the likelihood of major bias. Like previous reports , we did not find evidence that the effect of total GWG on childhood obesity varied by pre‐pregnancy BMI, or that the effect of early excessive GWG was modified by late GWG, but our sample size may have been too small to detect these effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…In contrast, we found that the increased risk of childhood obesity was statistically significant only among women who gained excessively in both early and late pregnancy. Unlike our study, von Kries and colleagues used data from a large Bavarian retrospective cohort and found that regardless of GWG at <14 weeks or 14 to <26 weeks, GWG ≥26 weeks may contribute to the risk of childhood obesity .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Is gestational weight gain associated with offspring obesity at 36 months?

et al. 2014

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Objective We examined the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and offspring obesity at age 36 months. Methods Mother-infant dyads (n=609) were followed from a first study visit (mean (standard deviation): 18.8 (2.7) weeks gestation) to 36 months postpartum. Total GWG over the entire pregnancy was defined as excessive or non-excessive according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Four mutually exclusive categories of excessive or non-excessive GWG across early (conception to first study visit) and late (first study visit to delivery) pregnancy defined GWG pattern. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores ≥95th percentile of the 2000 CDC references defined offspring obesity at 36 months. Multivariable log-binomial models adjusted for prepregnancy BMI and breastfeeding were used to estimate the association between GWG and childhood obesity risk. Results Nearly half of the women had total excessive GWG. Of these, 46% gained excessively during both early and late pregnancy while 22% gained excessively early and non-excessively late, and the remaining 32% gained non-excess weight early and excessively later. Thirteen percent of all children were obese at 36 months. Excessive total GWG was associated with more than twice the risk of child obesity [adjusted risk ratio (95% CI): 2.20 (1.35, 3.61)] compared with overall non-excessive GWG. Compared with a pattern of non-excessive GWG in both early and late pregnancy, excessive GWG in both periods was associated with an increased risk of obesity [2.39 (1.13, 5.08)]. Conclusions Excessive GWG is a potentially modifiable factor that may influence obesity development in early childhood.

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“…This is true even when first and second trimester weight gain have exceeded the recommended guidelines. 12 …”

Section: Maternal Body Mass Fetal Weight Gain and Infant Birthweightmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Maternal Obesity on the Offspring

Williams

Mackenzie

Gahagan

2014

Clinical Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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Maternal obesity is inextricably linked to adverse health outcomes for the mother and her children. The peripartum period is a critical period of risk. In this chapter, we examine the importance of maternal pre-pregnancy weight status, gestational weight gain, breastfeeding, and postpartum weight loss in relation to subsequent risk for maternal obesity and obesity in the offspring. Promoting optimal maternal weight during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum periods will provide lifelong benefits for maternal health and the health of her progeny.

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Late pregnancy reversal from excessive gestational weight gain lowers risk of childhood overweight-A cohort study

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of trimester-specific and total gestational weight gain on children’s anthropometrics

Effects of trimester-specific and total gestational weight gain on children’s anthropometrics

Is gestational weight gain associated with offspring obesity at 36 months?

The Effect of Maternal Obesity on the Offspring

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