Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis

Giordano, Nicolas; Sadras, Víctor O.; Lollato, Romulo P.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108740

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The processes of decomposition and mineralization are greater in CT than NT (Marahatta et al 2014) because of the greater N immobilization by the residue in conservation practices such as RT and/or NT (Rice and Smith 1984). Late-season water stress during grain fill plays a major role in limiting N translocation, leading to a reduction in starch accumulation and grain protein content (Campbell et al 1981;Altenbach et al 2003) --although grain protein concentration may increase due to its negative relation to yield (Giordano et al 2023). Also, limitations of NUtE (N mobilization and redistribution) would in turn lead to high N concentrations in residual plant parts, leading to low NUE (Masclaux-Daubresse et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage and nitrogen rate effects on winter wheat yield in a wheat–sorghum rotation

Majrashi,

Obour,

Moorberg

et al. 2023

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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The objectives of this study were to quantify long-term tillage practice and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate effects on yield and N use in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) -grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) -fallow (W-S-F) rotation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-split-plot arrangement. The main plot treatments were crop rotation phases, W-S-F, S-F-W, and F-W-S. The sub-plots were tillage practices, i.e., conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-tillage (NT). And the sub-sub-plot treatments were N rates 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg ha-1. Wheat yield increased at rates of 15.6, 9.3, 22.8, and 25.7 kg ha-1 for a kg N ha-1 increase in very low, low, high, and very high yielding environments (average yields of ~2000, 2500, 2800, and 4400 kg ha-1), respectively. On average, winter wheat yields were 7-9% greater for CT compared with both NT and RT. Winter wheat removed about 52 kg N ha-1 from the unfertilized control treatment but N uptake varied by N rate and growing conditions. Nitrogen use efficiency, N agronomic efficiency, and applied N recovery decreased as N rate increased. Across environments, wheat yield increased by 16, 20, and 17 kg ha-1 for each additional kg ha-1 N applied under CT, NT and RT, respectively, and additional 2-2.5 kg ha-1 yield increases for a mm increase in fallow precipitation. We concluded that wheat yield response to N is highly dependent on growing condition and NT required greater N fertilization than CT and RT for similar yields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage and nitrogen rate effects on winter wheat yield in a wheat–sorghum rotation

Majrashi,

Obour,

Moorberg

et al. 2023

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Out of the variance in GPC coming from added N levels, 5% was explained by application at tillering and 2% was explained by application pre-planting. A global meta-analysis on durum wheat reported that later season N application increased protein levels but consistently did not contribute to grain yield (Giordano et al, 2023). Previous findings in California also have reported that late season application of N can influence GPC in malting barley (Nelsen and Lundy, 2020) and bread wheat (Wuest and Cassman, 1992).…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Malting Barley Productiv...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Genotype and Environment on Productivity and Quality in Californian Malting Barley

Ramanan

Nelsen

Lundy

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Malting barley productivity and grain quality are of critical importance to the malting and brewing industry. In this study, we analyzed two experiments: a multi-environment variety trial and a nitrogen management trial. In the first experiment, we analyzed 12 malting barley genotypes across eight locations in California and three years (2017-18, 2018-19 and 2020-21). The effects of genotype (G), location (L), year (Y) and their interactions were assessed on grain yield (kg ha-1), grain protein content (GPC; %), individual-grain weight, grain size (plump and thin; %), onset gelatinization temperature (GT), peak GT, offset GT, difference between onset and peak GT and difference between peak and offset GT. L, Y and their interaction explained the largest variance for all traits except peak GT and difference between onset and peak GT, for which G explained the largest variance. The 2020-21 samples formed partially distinct clusters in principal component analysis, mainly discriminated by high percentage of thin grains and high onset GT. In the second experiment, we analyzed a dataset with two genotypes across three locations (with varying nitrogen fertilizer levels) from the 2016-17 season to assess the effect of added nitrogen on the same traits. Added nitrogen at tillering explained 18% of variance in the difference between onset and peak GT, and 5% of the variance in GPC, but was minimal for all other traits, with the largest variance explained by location and genotype. These findings illustrate the key roles of G, L and Y in determining malting barley productivity and quality.

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“…The increase in GP increases gliadin-glutenin ratio (Triboi et al, 2000) and thereby, the wheat baking quality. Nitrogen application timing also has the potential to improve GP (Corassa et al, 2018;Lollato et al, 2021), with late season N applications (i.e., between flag leaf emergence and anthesis) being a fine-tuning mechanism for modest gains in GP Crop Science (Cruppe et al, 2017;Giordano et al, 2023). Nitrogen also interacts with S fertilization and can impact grain asparagine concentration (Wilson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, yield does not always associate with kernel weight either at the regional level (de Oliveira Silva et al, 2020;Jaenisch et al, 2022) or across large global datasets (Slafer et al, 2014(Slafer et al, , 2022. The weather during the critical period seems to also determine grain quality traits in oats (Avena sativa L.) (Sadras et al, 2019) and grain protein response to late-season N (Giordano et al, 2023). Across all sources of variation, weather relations with GP and its associated variables (FP, FNV, and DDT, Figure 2) mirrored those of grain yield and thus were favored by conditions that reduced yield, which is likely due to dilution effect (Barneix, 2007).…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive management simultaneously reduces yield gaps and improves milling and baking properties of bread wheat

et al. 2023

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Genotype (G), environment (E), management (M), and their interactions determine grain yield, biochemical composition, and quality of wheat. However, we are not aware of studies evaluating whether intensive management can simultaneously reduce yield gaps and improve wheat milling and baking attributes, which were our main objectives. A factorial experiment of five genotypes × four management intensities (farmer practice, high-input, high-input minus nitrogen, and high-input minus fungicide) was conducted in six Kansas (United States) environments resulting from the combination of four locations and three seasons. Grain yield and 13 parameters characterizing the grain (test weight [TWT], thousand kernel weight [TKW], grain protein [GP]), flour (e.g., ash, protein), dough (e.g., water absorption [WA],dough stability [DS]), and baking qualities (loaf volume [LV]) were measured. For most variables, the primary contributor of the variance was E while M and G were secondary and tertiary contributors, except for LV in which G was a larger moderator. High input practices increased yield (4206 kg ha −1 ) compared to farmer practice (3347 kg ha −1 ) suggesting a yield gap of 859 kg ha −1 . Management intensities receiving foliar fungicides improved grain properties related to milling characteristics (i.e., TKW and TWT), while management intensities receiving more nitrogen improved baking characteristics (e.g., WA and DS). Across sources of variation, yield response to improved management associated positively with the responses of TKW, TWT, and in some cases, GP, and WA. Our results showed the possibility of simultaneously improving grain yield and selected milling and baking attributes of bread wheat genotypes through intensive management.Abbreviations: DDT, dough development time (min); DS, dough stability (min); FA, flour ash (%); FNV, falling number (s); FST, farinograph stability (min); FY, flour yield (%); G, genotype; GP, grain protein (%); GY, grain yield (kg ha −1 ); HWW, hard winter wheat; LV, loaf volume (mL); MTI, mixing tolerance index (BU); TKW, thousand kernel weight (g); TWT, test weight (kg hl −1 ); WA, water absorption.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Late-season nitrogen application increases grain protein concentration and is neutral for yield in wheat. A global meta-analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 110 publications

Tillage and nitrogen rate effects on winter wheat yield in a wheat–sorghum rotation

Tillage and nitrogen rate effects on winter wheat yield in a wheat–sorghum rotation

Effects of Genotype and Environment on Productivity and Quality in Californian Malting Barley

Intensive management simultaneously reduces yield gaps and improves milling and baking properties of bread wheat

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