1990
DOI: 10.14430/arctic1631
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Late Tertiary Plant Macrofossilsf from Localities in Arctic/Subarctic North America: A Review of the Data

Abstract: ABSTRACT. Bryophyte and vascular plant fossils occur at many late Tertiary sites in Alaska and northern Canada. A number of these floras are reviewed here. The oldest flora, possibly of late Early Miocene age, is probably the one from the Mary Sachs gravel at Duck Hawk Bluffs, Banks Island. The youngest are of early Quaternary age.The floras are of several types. The youngest (Cape Deceit Formation) contains only plants that grow in the Arctic and Subarctic today. The Meighen Island Beaufort Formation contains… Show more

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Cited by 190 publications
(225 citation statements)
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“…The collection of Pliocene-aged sites, referred to in the literature as the "Beaver Peat," was discovered in 1961 and preserves evidence of a boreal-type forest and wetland environment (Hulbert and Harington, 1999;Elias and Matthews, 2002;Hutchison and Harington, 2002;Tedford and Harington, 2003;Ballantyne et al, 2006Ballantyne et al, , 2010Murray et al, 2009;Csank et al, 2011a, b). The Beaver Peat was originally considered to represent a single peat layer with extensive slumping that resulted in peat "layers" outcropping at different elevations (Matthews and Ovenden, 1990). However, the work presented here provides a different interpretation, namely that slumping was not as extensive as previously considered; there are at least two laterally continuous peat layers preserved within the unit, separated vertically by tens of meters.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 81%
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“…The collection of Pliocene-aged sites, referred to in the literature as the "Beaver Peat," was discovered in 1961 and preserves evidence of a boreal-type forest and wetland environment (Hulbert and Harington, 1999;Elias and Matthews, 2002;Hutchison and Harington, 2002;Tedford and Harington, 2003;Ballantyne et al, 2006Ballantyne et al, , 2010Murray et al, 2009;Csank et al, 2011a, b). The Beaver Peat was originally considered to represent a single peat layer with extensive slumping that resulted in peat "layers" outcropping at different elevations (Matthews and Ovenden, 1990). However, the work presented here provides a different interpretation, namely that slumping was not as extensive as previously considered; there are at least two laterally continuous peat layers preserved within the unit, separated vertically by tens of meters.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…For example, the site contains Paliurus-type seeds (Rhamnaceae, Buckthorn family), considered typical of High Arctic Pliocene deposits (Matthews and Ovenden, 1990). Also, multiple mammal taxa from the Beaver Pond site (e.g., horse and badger) compare well with a Late Neogene mammal assemblage from the Yushe Basin of northeastern China (Tedford and Harington, 2003), dated using magnetostratigraphy to 5.5 -4.5 Ma (Tedford et al, 1991).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 93%
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“…In the late Tertiary and the ice ages of the Quaternary, cooling and the retreat of the forests created new habitats available for colonisation by plants, especially herbaceous lineages that were able to tolerate or adapt to the harsh environmental condition. Evidence of early arctic vegetation composition based on fossil deposits is confined to a rather limited number of taxa (e.g., Cerastium, Draba, Dryas, Ranunculus, Saxifraga, Silene, Stellaria; Bennike and Bøcher, 1990;Bennike et al, 2010;Matthews and Ovenden, 1990 arctic flora originated from different sources, including autochthonous elements of the Arcto-Tertiary vegetation that evolved in situ by adapting to the increasingly cold climate, Quaternary migrants from adjacent forests and saline coastal habitats that may have been pre-adapted to arctic conditions and migrants from more remote southern mountains (Tolmachev, 1960, for example, Salix, Carex, Potentilla, and Saxifraga).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%