“… 25 , 26 , 27 Addiction studies employing latent variable modeling approaches to characterize PSA mostly used measures of quantity, frequency, and duration of use for multiple substances; 28 several others used SUD diagnoses as indicator variables, as we did in the present study. 29 , 30 To our knowledge, no studies assessed PSA patterns in individuals with CoUD. However, previous research has identified latent classes of cocaine dependence based on other approaches.…”