Latent TB Infection and Blood Borne Viruses in a London Prison: A Cross Sectional Survey.

Aldridge, R; Yates, Sarah; Hemming, S; Possas, Lucia; Garber, Elizabeth; Lipman, Marc; McHugh, Tina; Story, A; Hayward, Andrew

doi:10.1093/ije/dyv096.452

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The prevalence observed in this study (51.7%) was different from the prevalence of LTI among the general population as noted by the WHO, which estimates it around 30% [3], as well as by a study carried out in the general Ethiopia population which estimates it around 46% [21] and congruent with pastoral communities in Southern part of Ethiopia (50.5%) [22]. In our findings the prevalence of LTBI were markedly higher than the prevalence in prisons of countries like USA (6.3%) [23]; UK (11.5%) [24], (7.1%) [25]; Australia (14.0%) [26]; Italy PLOS ONE (17.9%) [27]; Canada (32.3%) [28]; Spain (40.3%) [29]; Switzerland (46.9%) [30] and Minas Gerais (25.2%) [31]. The probable explanation for this difference might be due to the variation of study population from high-income countries, a prison environment in a country of low TB incidence, more efficient TB control programs both inside and outside prisons and prisonbased TB screening programs in these countries than in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors in prison in East Wollega Zone of western Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Background Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the major source of active TB and is an obstacle to the strategy of World Health Organization to end TB by 2035. In Ethiopia, there are hundreds of prisons and they are conducive settings for the transmission of TB and could serve as the sources of infection to the general public. However, there is little data on the epidemiology of TB in prisons in Ethiopia. The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of LTBI and evaluate associated risk factors in prisons in East Wollega Zone in western Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional design and systematic sampling technique were used to select 352 prisoners from a total of 2620 prisoners during the two months (May and June, 2019). The selected inmates were consented for their willingness to participate in the study. Thereafter, they were interviewed and 2ml of blood sample was collected from each prisoner and screened for LTBI using interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and logistic regression was used to model the likelihood of LTBI occurrence and to identify risk factors associated with LTBI. Results The prevalence of LTBI was 51.2% (95% CI: 46.45-57%) and higher prevalence was recorded in males (53%) than in females (43.5%) although the difference was not significant. Prisoners whose age �45 years (AOR = 2.48, 95%CI, 1.04-5.9), who chewed khat (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.27-4.19), who were prisoned over a year (AOR = 1.81, 95%CI, 1.04-3.18) and who were in overcrowded pens (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.002-3.65) were at higher risk of LTBI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors in prison in East Wollega Zone of western Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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“…Comparatively similar studies were reported from southern Ethiopia (50.5%) by Teklu et al 58 and outside Ethiopia such as Spain (54.6%). 59 However, the magnitude of LTBI in prisons were markedly higher than the prevalence reported in the United States (6.3%), 60 the United Kingdom (11.5%), 61 Brazil (25.2%), 62 and Canada (32.3%). 63 Moreover, the magnitude was lower than studies conducted in previous reports among prisoners in Colombia (67.6%), 64 and Malaysia (88.8%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Magnitude, associated risk factors, and trend comparisons of identified tuberculosis types among prisons in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Genet,

Girma

2024

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsTuberculosis (TB) remained a major public health threat, particularly in developing countries with vulnerable groups, particularly prison inmates. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of individual studies with varying prevalence rates were performed to identify risk factors associated with the recent magnitude of TB among prisoners.MethodsA systematic search of research articles on the magnitude and risk factors of TB among prisoners in Ethiopia was conducted in registers, databases, and other sources. Cochran's Q, inverse variance (I2), sensitivity analysis, funnel plot, Begg's, and Egger's regression tests were used to check heterogeneity and publication bias. A random‐effects model was used to calculate the pooled burden of TB among prisoners.ResultsThe total national prevalence of TB among prisoners was 9.84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.16–12.52). According to the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was observed in patients infected by latent TB (51.20%), the Southern nations, nationalities and people's region (SNNPR) (29.63%), studies conducted in ≤200 (17.50%) sample sizes, and from 2017 to 2022 (11.49%) study periods. TB infection among prisoners was significantly associated with a history of contact with TB patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.75; 95% CI: 0.98–4.52), coughing for ≥2 weeks (AOR = 0.08; 95% CI: −0.16–0.33), being incarcerated in overcrowded cells with poor ventilation (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: −0.01–0.78), and increasing with the duration of imprisonment (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: −0.39–2.97].ConclusionExpectably high TB magnitude is found among prison inmates in Ethiopia. Duration of incarceration, coughing, ventilation of the cell, and contact with TB patients were all predictors of TB among prisoners. The management of TB requires early diagnosis, adequate medication, and the implementation of preventative and control measures suitable for prison inmates.

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Healthcare in Prison

Brooke

2023

Nursing in Prison

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Latent TB Infection and Blood Borne Viruses in a London Prison: A Cross Sectional Survey.

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors in prison in East Wollega Zone of western Ethiopia

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors in prison in East Wollega Zone of western Ethiopia

Magnitude, associated risk factors, and trend comparisons of identified tuberculosis types among prisons in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Healthcare in Prison

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