Latent Tuberculosis in India: An Overview

Vishwakarma, Deepak; Bhoi, Sudha R; Rannaware, Asmita

doi:10.7759/cureus.35706

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Global burden of latent TB infection is estimated to be 33% (2 billion people). 5,6 In the majority of patients in high-TB-burden countries, TB is mostly clinically asymptomatic and latent, with disease reactivation occurring in about 5-10% during their lifetime. Increased risk of reactivation exists in the following populations: HIV co-infection, CKD on hemodialysis, diabetics, and immunosuppressive therapy, such as TNF-alpha inhibitors and malignancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis and Malignancy: A Menacing Coexistence

Mishra¹,

Singh²,

Ramakant³

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Endocrine Surgery and Research

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Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and malignancy are major public health problems in India. We often encounter circumstances where both these entities may coexist and pose a host of challenges in management. Case description: We report a case series of patients who were diagnosed with coexistent tuberculosis and malignancy and discuss the etiopathogenesis, its implications in concurrent chemotherapy, antitubercular therapy, and caveats for surgery in this subset of patients. Discussion: Tuberculosis in patients with malignancy may be more prevalent secondary to immunosuppression due to the malignancy or chemotherapy, local structural changes to the lung, local damage due to radiotherapy and common risk factors such as smoking, alcohol and poor nutrition. It may be prudent to screen for latent infection prior to initiation of systemic chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Conclusion: Disease burden of tuberculosis and malignancy, drug toxicity, compliance, surgery in TB patients, and infection prevention have to be considered to formulate a guideline for management of these patients. Clinical significance: This case series discusses a practical approach to the common scenario where the two important public health problems of tuberculosis and malignancy coexist.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis and Malignancy: A Menacing Coexistence

Mishra¹,

Singh²,

Ramakant³

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Endocrine Surgery and Research

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“…Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can affect other parts of the body as well [7]. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, the virus spreads through the air and can cause coughing, fever, and weight loss.…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Transfer Learning for Detecting Covid-19, Pneumonia and Tuberculosis Using Cxr Images – A Review

2023

COVID Res OA

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Chest X-rays remains to be the most common imaging modality used to diagnose lung diseases. However, they necessitate the interpretation of experts (radiologists and pulmonologists), who are few. This review paper investigates the use of deep transfer learning techniques to detect COVID-19, pneumonia, and tuberculosis in chest X-ray (CXR) images. It provides an overview of current state-of the-art CXR image classification techniques and discusses the challenges and opportunities in applying transfer learning to this domain. The paper provides a thorough examination of recent research studies that used deep transfer learning algorithms for COVID-19, pneumonia, and tuberculosis detection, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. Finally, the review paper discusses future research directions in the field of deep transfer learning for CXR image classification, as well as the potential for these techniques to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases.

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“…2 The associated factors were rapid industrialisation and technical developments, which have fragmented the joint family structures due to the rapid population shift from their homelands. 3 The older people are abandoned in their homes with reduced physical, psychological, emotional, financial, and social care. This has broken the rural elderly population in rural areas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-life depression: assessment of validity and performance of depression scales in patients attending outpatient clinic at the institute of mental health

Malini,

Jayakrishnaveni,

Palaniappan

2023

Int J Adv Med

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Background: Ageing and depression often coexist, with older individuals experiencing increased depressive symptoms. Factors include substance use, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and rural elderly populations. This study aimed to assess the validity and performance of depression scales for late-life depression among patients attending the outpatient clinic at the Institute of Mental Health, Chennai. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 358 patients aged >50 years who reported to the OPD and were diagnosed with depression at the institute of mental health, Chennai. Baseline assessments were done at the time of recruitment into the study, and assessments were done (visit 1) for depression as in assessment tools. Scheduled visits were performed every six months for two years (visits 2-5). Adverse events were monitored and recorded periodically. Results: The study found a significant positive correlation between CSDD, MADRS, and PHQ9 scores with HAMD, MADRS, and GDS. The HAMD had a higher correlation with all depression scales except the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The GDS had a distinct dimensionality and varied items, while MADRS showed a good correlation with all depression scales except GDS. The PHQ9 and MADRS are more valid and accurate among the participants, with higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values. After these two scales, the HAMD was better with higher values than all the other scales. Conclusions: Various depression scales were found to have a strong correlation with each other in measuring late-life depression at a tertiary care psychiatric institution.

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Latent Tuberculosis in India: An Overview

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Tuberculosis and Malignancy: A Menacing Coexistence

Tuberculosis and Malignancy: A Menacing Coexistence

Deep Transfer Learning for Detecting Covid-19, Pneumonia and Tuberculosis Using Cxr Images – A Review

Late-life depression: assessment of validity and performance of depression scales in patients attending outpatient clinic at the institute of mental health

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