Lateral interception II: Predicting hand movements.

Michaels, Claire F.; Jacobs, David M.; Bongers, Raoul M.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.459

Cited by 27 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Intercepting a moving target on itself is a non-social activity and, therefore, often studied as such (e.g., Bootsma and Van Wieringen, 1990; Peper et al, 1994; Chardenon et al, 2005; Michaels et al, 2006; Fajen and Warren, 2007; Ledouit et al, 2013; Bootsma et al, 2016). However, whereas the ball typically will be intercepted by one individual, in many (sports) situations more individuals are present, potentially intercepting the ball as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With each of the two paddles being moreover confined to one-dimensional movement along a common interception axis, the task design ensured that successful interception could only be achieved by a single participant: contact between the two paddles immediately eliminated all future possibilities for interception. Because the task of the team of players involves the interception of the ball by one of them, and this lateral interception closely resembles tasks that have been studied extensively before (e.g., Peper et al, 1994; Michaels et al, 2006; Ledouit et al, 2013; Bootsma et al, 2016), we expect that the current study might serve as a stepping stone for identifying informational variables that may underlie team behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Playing ‘Pong’ Together: Emergent Coordination in a Doubles Interception Task

et al. 2016

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In this contribution we set out to study how a team of two players coordinated their actions so as to intercept an approaching ball. Adopting a doubles-pong task, six teams of two participants each intercepted balls moving downward across a screen toward an interception axis by laterally displacing participant-controlled on-screen paddles. With collisions between paddles resulting in unsuccessful interception, on each trial participants had to decide amongst them who would intercept the ball and who would not. In the absence of possibilities for overt communication, such team decisions were informed exclusively by the visual information provided on the screen. Results demonstrated that collisions were rare and that 91.3 ± 3.4% of all balls were intercepted. While all teams demonstrated a global division of interception space, boundaries between interception domains were fuzzy and could moreover be shifted away from the center of the screen. Balls arriving between the participants’ initial paddle positions often gave rise to both participants initiating an interception movement, requiring one of the participants to abandon the interception attempt at some point so as to allow the other participant to intercept the ball. A simulation of on-the-fly decision making of who intercepted the ball based on a measure capturing the triangular relations between the two paddles and the ball allowed the qualitative aspects of the pattern of observed results to be reproduced, including the timing of abandoning. Overall, the results thus suggest that decisions regarding who intercepts the ball emerge from between-participant interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Playing ‘Pong’ Together: Emergent Coordination in a Doubles Interception Task

et al. 2016

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“…Nevertheless, the model sometimes failed to predict qualitative aspects of the movements, such as the very end of the trajectory (see Figure 7). We postpone our efforts to obtain more precise models of lateral interception until our companion article (Michaels, Jacobs, & Bongers, 2006). In the present subsection we aim to ensure that our conclusions concerning variable use do not depend on the assumed continuous-control model; we test how well the three candidate variables predict a discrete action variable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Given that the present study indicates that / and, more so, ␦ ϫ / are frequently used by catchers, our companion article (Michaels et al, 2006) uses them in the modeling of catches. The companion article also considers possible embodiments of ␦ in more detail.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral interception I: Operative optical variables, attunement, and calibration.

Jacobs¹,

Michaels²

2006

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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) suggested that improvement in perception and action can be attributed in part to changes in which variable is attended to. Such reattunement has been demonstrated with observers making judgments in response to simulations. The present study sought attunement changes in the perception of real events and in visually guided action. In 3 experiments, adults judged the passing distance of or attempted to catch balls. Discrete measures and the predictions of a modified required velocity model (e.g., R. J. Bootsma, V. Fayt, F. T. J. M. Zaal, & M. Laurent, 1997) were used to reveal which variables were exploited. Participants differed from each other and, to some extent, changed in the optical variables used, in catching as well as judging. Nevertheless, the changes were much smaller than in previous simulation-judgment studies; calibration was also found to underlie the improvements in performance.

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“…According to the required velocity model, lateral hand velocity is continuously controlled by information about the current lateral distance between hand and ball, divided by the ball's current TTC, which evolves during the approach (Bootsma, Fayt, Zaal, & Laurent, 1997; Dessing, Bullock, Peper, & Beek, 2002; Dessing, Peper, Bullock, & Beek, 2005; Montagne, Laurent, Durey, & Bootsma, 1999). Other evidence appears to favor a control strategy based on prospective (“predictive”) information, in which the future passing distance of the approaching ball (in units of ball diameter) is specified by the ratio between its lateral optical velocity and its optical expansion; this ratio can also be used to continuously control lateral hand position (Arzamarski, Harrison, Hajnal, & Michaels, 2007; Craig et al, 2009; Jacobs & Michaels, 2006; Michaels, Jacobs, & Bongers, 2006). …”

Section: Anticipatory Control Of Interceptive Action: Is An Internmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line and model-based approaches to the visual control of action

2015

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Two general approaches to the visual control of action have emerged in last few decades, known as the on-line and model-based approaches. The key difference between them is whether action is controlled by current visual information or on the basis of an internal world model. In this paper, we evaluate three hypotheses: strong on-line control, strong model-based control, and a hybrid solution that combines on-line control with weak off-line strategies. We review experimental research on the control of locomotion and manual actions, which indicates that (a) an internal world model is neither sufficient nor necessary to control action at normal levels of performance; (b) current visual information is necessary and sufficient to control action at normal levels; and (c) under certain conditions (e.g. occlusion) action is controlled by less accurate, simple strategies such as heuristics, visual-motor mappings, or spatial memory. We conclude that the strong model-based hypothesis is not sustainable. Action is normally controlled on-line when current information is available, consistent with the strong on-line control hypothesis. In exceptional circumstances, action is controlled by weak, context-specific, off-line strategies. This hybrid solution is comprehensive, parsimonious, and able to account for a variety of tasks under a range of visual conditions.

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Lateral interception II: Predicting hand movements.

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Playing ‘Pong’ Together: Emergent Coordination in a Doubles Interception Task

Playing ‘Pong’ Together: Emergent Coordination in a Doubles Interception Task

Lateral interception I: Operative optical variables, attunement, and calibration.

On-line and model-based approaches to the visual control of action

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