Long‐chain groups additionally attached to calamitic mesogens change the shape of the molecules and, therefore, their attractive and repulsive interactions. While compounds bearing lateral alkyl groups mostly exhibit nematic phases, lateral substitution with aryl‐containing groups means a qualitative jump by special packing in layer structures. Polycatenar mesogens can be wedge or dumbbell shaped depending on the number and positions of hydrocarbon chains at one or both terminal positions. Phasmidic and double‐swallow‐tailed mesogens are not able to exhibit smectic A phases for steric reasons, which can be induced, however, in mixtures with small rodlike molecules. Lateral alkyl chains attached to bent‐core mesogens reduce the tendency to form polar switchable layer phases, whereas polycatenar bent molecules form columnar structures. Equipping the molecules under discussion with functional groups in any ω‐standing position allows the lateral or terminal connection of mesogens, for example, to dendrimers, polymers, or metallic surfaces such as gold. In general, increasing the number of aliphatic chains often decreases melting points, increases solubility, and, therefore, allows better processability of functional materials.