Hispanic adolescents are a rapidly growing population and are highly vulnerable to substance abuse and HIV infection. Many interventions implemented thus far have been "one size fits all" models that deliver the same dosage and sequence of modules to all participants. To more effectively prevent substance use and HIV in Hispanic adolescents, different risk profiles must be considered. This study's purpose is to use intrapersonal and ecodevelopmental risk processes to identify Hispanic adolescent subgroups and to compare substance use rates and sexual behavior by risk subgroup. The results indicate that a larger proportion with high ecodevelopmental risk (irrespective of the intrapersonal risk for substance use) report lifetime and past 90-day cigarette and illicit drug use. In contrast, a larger proportion with high intrapersonal risk for unsafe sex (irrespective of ecodevelopmental risk) report early sex initiation and sexually transmitted disease incidence. Implications for intervention development are discussed in terms of these Hispanic adolescent subgroups.
KeywordsHispanic; drugs; sexual behavior; adolescents; ecodevelopmental Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States, accounting for approximately 14% of the total U.S. population (Ramirez & de la Cruz, 2003). Hispanics are also a young population, with 39% younger than age 19 (Marotta & Garcia, 2003). In addition to their large and growing numbers, Hispanic adolescents are disproportionately affected by substance use and HIV/AIDS (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2004;Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2006). Although population-based data indicate that Hispanic adolescents as a group are at elevated risk of substance use (CDC, 2004) and HIV (Johnston et al., 2006), Hispanics are a heterogeneous population that are not all at equivalently increased risk of substance use and/or HIV. To better understand and explain this variation among Hispanics, it is important to classify Hispanics into distinct subgroups (Pantin, Prado, Schwartz, & Sullivan, 2005). Although demographics characteristics such as country of origin and nativity (i.e., United States born vs. foreign born) have been the traditional form of choice for subgrouping Hispanics (and other ethnic groups), some have argued that identifying subgroups using data-driven (i.e., empirical) methods may be more beneficial than subgrouping by demographic characteristics (Dierker, Avenevoli, Goldberg, & Glantz, 2004
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE USE AND HIV AMONG HISPANIC ADOLESCENTSHispanic adolescents are at increased risk for substance use (Johnston et al., 2006) and for HIV contraction (CDC, 2004) compared to adolescents of other ethnic groups. Hispanic 8th and 10th graders report more alcohol, cigarette, and illicit drug use (with the exception of amphetamines) than their non-Hispanic White and African American counterparts (Johnston et al., 2006). Similar data indicate that Hispanic adolescents are less likely to use a condom when engaging in sexual in...