Lattice site occupation of non-soluble elements implanted in metals

Mechanical behavior of ion-irradiated ODS RAF steels strengthened with different types of refractory oxides

“…Hence, diffusion in the structure is facilitated at high temperatures due to the higher concentration of vacancies and high grain boundaries volume. Moreover, it is worth noticing that there are five temperature-dependent stages of defect recovery, as described in the work of Turos et al [50]. Taking into account the temperature of the experiment (approx.…”

“…70 o C) and the melting temperature of the studied material (1538 o C for iron as a primary element [28]), stage III of recovery, where free migration of vacancies occurs, may be expected. The increased temperature of work (as in designs of IV generation of nuclear reactors) provides sufficient energy for the following stages that may take place ((IV) stage: development of vacancies clusters, and (V) dissociation of defect clusters and annealing of residual damage [50]). Furthermore, it has been proved that in metal alloys, the vacancy-diffusion mechanism is dominant, and grain boundaries play a role of high-diffusivity paths [24].…”

Ion Implantation Studies of Collision Cascades in Solids

“…Impurity atoms with positive heats of solutiorb are nonsoluble in metals. Detailed studies on the substitutional fraction f , performed by in-situ implantation and channeling analysis [3] revealed that the temperature is the key parameter for the lattice site occupancy. Some of the results are shown in Fig.…”