Launderability of surface-insulated cut and sew E-textiles

Molla, Md. Tahmidul Islam; Compton, Crystal; Dunne, Lucy E.

doi:10.1145/3267242.3267255

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Ankhili et al, Gaubert et al, Lam et al and Molla et al choose a household washing program and machine because they claim that a user will wash their e-textile in a similar manner when using the product. 57,60,66,67 Uz Zaman et al use commercial instead of standardized detergent because of similar reasoning. 71 Gaubert et al additionally justify their choice of program by referring to their garment manufacturer client's specifications, while Zeagler et al argue that warm washing with regular agitation provides harsher conditions, so if the tested samples withstand this treatment, they would withstand gentler washing as well.…”

Section: Testing Under Household Washing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Washability of e-textiles: current testing practices and the need for standardization

Rotzler

Krshiwoblozki

Schuster

2021

Textile Research Journal

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Washability is seen as one of the main obstacles that stands in the way of a wider market success of e-textile products. So far, there are no standardized methods for wash testing of e-textiles and no protocols to comparably assess the washability of tested products. Thus, different e-textiles that are deemed equally washable by their developers might present with very different ranges of reliability after repeated washing. This paper presents research into current test practices in the absence of e-textile-specific standards. Different testing methods are compared and evaluated and the need for standardized testing, giving e-textile developers the tools to comparably communicate and evaluate their products’ washability, is emphasized.

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Section: Testing Under Household Washing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Washability of e-textiles: current testing practices and the need for standardization

Rotzler

Krshiwoblozki

Schuster

2021

Textile Research Journal

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“…If the motherboard fails, all the e-textile system could collapse even though other parts are working. Thus, many of experimental wearable textronic devices cannot be used in real life because of the washability problem inducing lack of reliability and contacts failure [35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol to assess the quality of transmission lines within smart textile structures

et al. 2020

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a b s t r a c tThe washability issue is always a challenge for electronic textiles in terms of application. It reduces their reliability, makes them not robust enough, and therefore not ready for the market. In this study, a novel protocol was designed to test the performance of conductive threads under wet situation in order to simulate the washing cycle. In this content, two commercially available silver-plated polyamide threads having the same thread count were used and washing results of each thread were discussed. Transmission lines with silver-plated polyamide threads onto cotton woven fabric were produced via sewing (single-line stitch) and embroidery techniques (three-line stitch) to improve the conductivity and robustness. For the simulation of the wash process, Martindale abrasion tester was used under wet and dry conditions. Moreover, felts of abrasion tester and transmission lines were put into different solutions, i.e., water, water with standardized detergent and water with commercially available detergent. After wetting specimens, abrasion tests were performed on transmission lines, and linear electrical resistance measurements were recorded with the multi meter before abrasion and every 1500 cycles up to 4500 cycles in wet conditions and also after drying the transmission lines. Finally, abrasion impact on silver-plated polyamide threads was investigated by optical microscope. It has been found that silver coating on the conductive thread was damaged when subjected to abrasion cycles, especially in wet states. Water itself has stress impact on samples provoking the electrical resistance increase rapidly. Commercial detergent with water was found to have the most damaging effect on the conductive threads because of extra particles presence to enhance the washing performance. In terms of integration methods, better electrical conductivity values were achieved in three-line embroidery transmission lines due to multiple interconnection points in the embroidery network.

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“…Different materials and processes for encapsulating functionalized fabrics have been identified: Immersion in polymers (e.g., poly(dimethylsiloxane) [ 54 , 73 , 74 , 75 ], silicon [ 76 ], epoxy resin [ 72 , 77 ], and Ecoflex™ [ 25 , 78 ]); application of tape (e.g., BEMIS™ Seam Tape, Bondex ® /MD Mend and Repair™ Fabric Mending Tape [ 79 ]); and iron-on adhesives (e.g., Heat n Bond ® Iron-on adhesive [ 79 ]). Other commercially available encapsulation products designed for application by consumers, typically for water repellence/proofing, include Granger’s ® Clothing Repel, Scotchguard™ Fabric and Upholstery Protector, and 303 ® Fabric Guard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Durability to wash has been reported in at least five published studies [ 72 , 73 , 77 , 79 , 80 ]. Ubiquitous for apparel, determining effects of wash is critical for items which require multiple uses and cleaning cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of Electrically Conductive Apparel Fabrics: Effects on Performance

Wilson

Laing

Tan

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Electrically conductive fabrics are achieved by functionalizing with treatments such as graphene; however, these change conventional fabric properties and the treatments are typically not durable. Encapsulation may provide a solution for this, and the present work aims to address these challenges. Next-to-skin wool and cotton knit fabrics functionalized using graphene ink were encapsulated with three poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based products. Properties known to be critical in a next-to-skin application were investigated (fabric structure, moisture transfer, electrical conductivity, exposure to transient ambient conditions, wash, abrasion, and storage). Wool and cotton fabrics performed similarly. Electrical conductivity was conferred with the graphene treatment but decreased with encapsulation. Wetting and high humidity/low temperature resulted in an increase in electrical conductivity, while decreases in electrical conductivity were evident with wash, abrasion, and storage. Each encapsulant mitigated effects of exposures but these effects differed slightly. Moisture transfer changed with graphene and encapsulants. As key performance properties of the wool and cotton fabrics following treatment with graphene and an encapsulant differed from their initial state, use as a patch integrated as part of an upper body apparel item would be acceptable.

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Launderability of surface-insulated cut and sew E-textiles

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Washability of e-textiles: current testing practices and the need for standardization

Washability of e-textiles: current testing practices and the need for standardization

Protocol to assess the quality of transmission lines within smart textile structures

Encapsulation of Electrically Conductive Apparel Fabrics: Effects on Performance

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