Law, state power, and taxation in Islamic history

Coşgel, Metin M.; Miceli, Thomas J.; Ahmed, Rasha

doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2009.02.017

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…12 Facchini (2010) shows that Islam and institutions of freedom are negatively related. Coşgel et al (2009) elaborate on the nexus between legal constraints and economic power of rulers in Islamic history. On economic performance in Islamic countries, see also Hillman (2007a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Policies against human trafficking: the role of religion and political institutions

Potrafke

2016

Econ Gov

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Policies against Human Trafficking: The Role of Religion and Political Institutions Abstract I investigate empirically the role of religion and political institutions in policies against human trafficking, using the new 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index. The dataset contains 175 countries. The results show that governments in countries with Christian majorities implement stricter anti-trafficking policies than countries with Muslim majorities. The differences between countries with Christian and Muslim majorities is pronounced in dictatorships but less so in democracies. The influence of religion on the overall 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index is driven by protection and prevention policies. As compared to prosecution policies that mainly target the perpetrators of human trafficking, protection and prevention policies mainly protect the victims of human trafficking, i.e. predominantly women. The conclusions are consistent with other empirical findings regarding the association between religion, political institutions, and human development. JEL-Code: F220, O150, O110, Z120, F590. Terms of use: Documents in

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confidence: 99%

Policies against human trafficking: the role of religion and political institutions

Potrafke

2016

Econ Gov

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“…The system was also flexible to change over time, as can be seen in methods of tax collection. Whereas early in the empire's history the government relied on salaried commissioners and on cavalrymen (sipāhīs) who received tax grants in exchange for military service, the importance of tax farming grew during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, consistent with parallel developments observed in Europe and other parts of the world (Coşgel and Miceli, 2009).…”

Section: Eagerness To Adopt New Ideas Technologies Institutionsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…quality of an institution or technology, such as its usefulness or religious compatibility, which has diminished over time or failed to match varying circumstances. 4 Recent studies have found it useful to adopt a political economy approach to examine the relationship between law and economic change in Islamic history (Coşgel, Miceli, and Ahmed, 2009;Coşgel, Miceli, and Rubin, 2012a). This approach views the law as the outcome of the strategic interaction among rulers, general public, and organized groups powerful enough to affect the outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a political economy approach, I will focus on the relationship between the ruler and the legal-religious community to explain the nuanced flexibility of Islamic law. This community has been an influential group in Islamic societies because of its power in the interpretation and adjudication of the law and its ability to confer legitimacy on the rulers (Coşgel, Miceli, and Ahmed, 2009). The rulers have often called upon it to issue opinions on the "legality" of new developments, jointly shaping the society's decision on how to respond to new scientific, technological, and institutional developments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Political Economy of Law and Economic Development in Islamic History

2011

Law and Long-Term Economic Change

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There appear to be two seemingly contradictory images of law and economic change in the Islamic world. Whereas some scholars have viewed Islamic societies as rigid and incapable of adapting to a changing environment, others have held the opposite image of Islamic societies as flexible, quick to adapt to change, and conducive to economic development. Researchers have often focused on either stagnation or change as being the more representative image that needs explanation, rarely looking to explain why both images coexisted. Using a political economy approach, this paper explains the nuanced flexibility of Islamic law by focusing on the relationship between the ruler and the legal-religious community. This community has been an influential group in Islamic societies because of its power in the interpretation and adjudication of the law and its ability to confer legitimacy on the rulers. Change or stagnation has emerged as the outcome of the strategic interaction between the rulers and legal community, rather than from a fixed characteristic of Islamic societies or an intrinsic quality of a new development.

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“…70) Forand, 1971: 28. On al-Hajjāj's taxation policies see also : Coşgel-Miceli-Ahmed, 2009. 71) Morony, 1981: 135.…”

Section: The Formation Of a Muslim Landed Elite And The Issue Of Surpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Tax alā l-misāa and muqāsama: Legal Theory and the Balance of Social Forces in Early Medieval Iraq (6th-8th Centuries C.E.)

Campopiano¹

2011

J Econ Soc Hist Orient

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The article argues that any analysis of tax policies must be grounded in the given society's 'mode of production'. This is demonstrated through analysis of the political relationship between the Abbasid state and the landlords, and the reasons why certain prominent Muslim jurists between 750 and ca. 900. promoted muqāsama in the Sawād of Iraq. These jurists' tax policy is explained with reference to Haldon's concept of the tributary mode of production. It is concluded that according to the jurists, muqāsama favoured a redistribution of surpluses between the state and the landowners which could strengthen relations between the Abbasid state and the powerful landlords in Iraq. RésuméCet article propose qu'une politique fiscale ne peut être analysée qu'en lien avec le « mode de production » d'une société donnée. Cette idée est démontrée à travers l'étude des relations politiques entre l'État abbasside et les propriétaires terriens, et des raisons qui amenè-rent certains juristes musulmans prééminents, entre 700 et 900, à promouvoir le système de la muqāsama dans le Sawād iraqien. La politique fiscale de ces juristes trouve une explication dans le concept de mode de production tributaire développé par Haldon. Selon les juristes, la muqāsama favorisait une redistribution des surplus entre l'État et les propriétai-res terriens, ce qui permettait de renforcer les relations entre l'État abbasside et les puissants propriétaires d'Iraq. * ) Michele Campopiano: Universiteit Utrecht: M.Campopiano@uu.nl. 240 M. Campopiano / JESHO 54 (2011) 239-269

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Law, state power, and taxation in Islamic history

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Policies against human trafficking: the role of religion and political institutions

Policies against human trafficking: the role of religion and political institutions

The Political Economy of Law and Economic Development in Islamic History

Land Tax alā l-misāa and muqāsama: Legal Theory and the Balance of Social Forces in Early Medieval Iraq (6th-8th Centuries C.E.)

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